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Abstract: Fish protein hydrolysate was produced from Salmon (Salmo salar) skin using Alcalase® 2.4 L. Hydrolysis conditions were optimized by using a response surface methodology (RSM). The model equation was proposed with regard to the effects of enzyme to substrate level, temperature and pH on the degree of hydrolysis. An enzyme to substrate level of 2.50% (v/w), temperature of 55.30°C and pH of 8.39 and were found to be the optimum conditions to obtain the highest degree of hydrolysis (77.03%) using Alcalase. The freeze dried protein hydrolysate was characterized with respect to chemical composition and amino acid composition. The protein hydrolysate produced contained high protein (89.53%) and higher level of indispensable amino acids. Protein hydrolysate from salmon skin may potentially serve as a good source of desirable peptide and amino acids.
Keywords: Alcalase, enzymatic hydrolysis, optimization, protein hydrolysate, salmon fish skin
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Introduction
Fish constitutes 60-70% of the national animal protein intake. In Malaysia, fish is an important component diet with per capita consumption at 55 kg, which is the highest among ASEAN countries (Pawiro, 2008). Salmon fish is one of the most popular fish sources in Malaysia. It is usually regarded as a high quality protein source for human consumption and high in essential amino acids and high Omega-3 fatty acids. According to Department of Fisheries Malaysia (2007), more than 2000 tonnes of salmon fish was imported to Malaysia annually. Salmon is mostly imported in the form of fresh, chilled or frozen of whole fish and then processed into the fillet and surimi product by local salmon fish processing industry. As the result, a large amount of by-product materials including skins, bones, head and frames were disposed annually from salmon processing industry. Most of these sources are utilized as animal feed ingredient. These by-products are important protein sources. Parts of these by-products should therefore be used for purposes other than the feed industry. From an economical point of view, these underutilized wastes could be converted into more marketable and acceptable forms to achieve a better utilization.
One of the methods for effective protein recovery from this protein rich by-product is production of protein hydrolysate through enzymatic hydrolysis. It is widely employed to improve and upgrade the functional and nutritional...