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Abstract. Over the past several decades, disability and social work have become increasingly strange bedfellows, in large part due to the espousal of the medical model of disability on the part of social workers. This approach locates disability with the body as a deficit in need of repair, revision or ongoing professional scrutiny. In opposition to this embodied approach, disability scholars and activists have proposed the social model, which holds negative stereotyping and oppression as the disabling factors, thereby creating a binary debate on cause and appropriate response to disability. We suggest that this binary is not useful in guiding social work to consider disability as a complex phenomenon which requires multifaceted action responses. We therefore propose disability as disjuncture. This interactive theoretical framework draws on and synthesizes a wealth of interdisciplinary fields to inform social work analysis and response to disability that meets the multi-level goals of advancing individual function, locating disability within a broad diversity dialog, and thus promoting equivalence of rights, choice, and opportunity for full participation for those who fit within the disability category. We conclude with exemplars of the thinking and action processes, guided by disjuncture theory, that illustrate the potency of this framework and its guiding properties for progressive social work disability practice.
Keywords : disjuncture theory, disability, human rights, diversity
What Came Before Us
As early as ancient civilizations (Chahira, 2006), there is documentation of a range of responses to "the atypical human" from fascination to revulsion (Barrett, n.d. ; Longmore, Umansky, 2001). This history creates an opaque but important window on how civilizations responded to embodied difference. Unfortunately, in this short space, we cannot do justice to the richness of this history, but we can discuss some critical turnings and trends necessary to inform current debates and understand contextual social work responses to atypical humans in contemporary times. While a range of thinking about and approaches to atypical bodies has occurred, the following commonalities can be seen across chronology and geographies:
1. what is atypical differs according to context;
2. in each context there have been several potential assumed and accepted explanations for a single atypical human characteristic ;
3. these explanations form the basis for legitimate categorization and subsequent response to category members ;
4....