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Abstract
Exercise can be beneficial for cognitive functioning throughout lifespan. Children and adolescents may particularly benefit from the effects of exercise on cognition as they continually face learning situations. However, it is important to identify and to study the factors that influence the relationship between exercise and cognition. The general objective of this thesis was to examine, with electrophysiological measures, the acute and chronic effects of exercise on electrophysiological mechanisms of cognitive functioning in children. A first study appreciated the duration of the acute effect of a single session of exercise. The results suggested that a single session of exercise increases vigilance for at least 30 min. Still in a context of acute exercise, the impact of the cognitive demand of the task and age were examined in a second study. Although the results did not reveal any significant interaction with age, they indicated specific benefits for the more complex cognitive processes compare to more automatic processes. Finally, a third study evaluated the effect of a 12-week program of physical activity. Following the 12-week program, no change was observed neither for the cardiovascular function nor the cognitive performance. The fact that participants already demonstrated a high level of fitness at baseline may explain this result. In conclusion, regardless of a child's fitness level, it appears that an exercise of moderate intensity improves vigilance and some aspects of information processing. The observed effects appear to last long enough to have a positive impact on classroom learning after a recess or a physical education class.