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Abstract
A major reduction in global deforestation is needed to mitigate climate change and biodiversity loss. Recent private sector commitments aim to eliminate deforestation from a company’s operations or supply chain, but they fall short on several fronts. Company pledges vary in the degree to which they include time-bound interventions with clear definitions and criteria to achieve verifiable outcomes. Zero-deforestation policies by companies may be insufficient to achieve broader impact on their own due to leakage, lack of transparency and traceability, selective adoption and smallholder marginalization. Public–private policy mixes are needed to increase the effectiveness of supply-chain initiatives that aim to reduce deforestation. We review current supply-chain initiatives, their effectiveness, and the challenges they face, and go on to identify knowledge gaps for complementary public–private policies.
Details
; Fleck, Leonardo C 5 ; Garrett, Rachael D 6
; Yann le Polain de Waroux 7 ; McDermott, Constance L 8 ; McLaughlin, David 9 ; Newton, Peter 10
; Nolte, Christoph 6 ; Pacheco, Pablo 11
; Rausch, Lisa L 12
; Streck, Charlotte 13 ; Thorlakson, Tannis 14 ; Walker, Nathalie F 15 1 School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Georges Lemaître Earth and Climate Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
2 Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
3 Environmental Studies Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
4 Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, HI, USA
5 Environmental Conservation Program, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Palo Alto, CA, USA
6 Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
7 Institute for the Study of International Development & Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
8 Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
9 World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
10 Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
11 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor Barat, Indonesia
12 Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
13 Climate Focus, Washington, DC, USA
14 Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
15 National Wildlife Federation, National Advocacy Center, Washington, DC, USA