Content area
Abstract
As building strategies evolve to mitigate climate change, there may be accompanying changes to indoor environmental quality (IEQ). These include dilution of indoor pollutants and changes to acoustics, thermal comfort and to lighting. These IEQ measures are associated with occupant health, comfort and/or performance. My research seeks to understand the nexus of building measures–IEQ–occupant outcomes, with a focus on vulnerable populations. This dissertation is organized as a synthesis of findings from a literature review of field studies in school buildings, and a multi-faceted assessment of the impacts of energy retrofits in social housing. The review encompasses studies of cognitive performance, standardized test scores and absenteeism among students and the association of these outcomes to a diverse set of school building design and operation specifications from a popular green building certification program. The results of reviewed studies are weighted using a modified version of a public health study analysis tool. Indoor air quality is important for student absenteeism, and along with thermal comfort and acoustics is also important for school-aged children performing well on tasks that are cognitively demanding (the review did not consider impacts on teachers). In another facet of my research, I explore IEQ in seven social housing multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs) before and after buildings underwent mechanical system energy efficiency retrofits. Results from the pre-retrofit surveys show many residents experience thermal and olfactory discomfort and discomfort appears clustered together with health symptoms. For a smaller subset of residents, apartments were monitored for thermal comfort parameters such as temperature and relative humidity. A comparison of pre- and post-retrofit modelled thermal comfort based on the indoor monitoring as well as survey answers demonstrates that these energy retrofits have not been effective at improving thermal comfort in most of the buildings. Further analysis shows the carbon impact from the material and energy associated with the retrofits was an order of magnitude smaller than the annual avoided carbon from lowered heating energy use. The implications are widely relevant given the need to reduce our collective carbon footprint and our propensity to spend time indoors.





