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About the Authors:
Lisa A. Ridnour
* E-mail: [email protected] (LAR); [email protected] (DAW)
Affiliation: Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
Kimberly M. Barasch
Affiliation: Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
Alisha N. Windhausen
Affiliation: Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
Tiffany H. Dorsey
Affiliation: Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
Michael M. Lizardo
Affiliation: Tumor and Metastasis Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
Harris G. Yfantis
Affiliation: Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
Dong H. Lee
Affiliation: Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
Christopher H. Switzer
Affiliation: Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
Robert Y. S. Cheng
Affiliation: Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
Julie L. Heinecke
Affiliation: Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
Ernst Brueggemann
Affiliation: USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
Harry B. Hines
Affiliation: USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
Chand Khanna
Affiliation: Tumor and Metastasis Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
Sharon A. Glynn
Affiliations Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
Stefan Ambs
Affiliation: Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
David A. Wink
* E-mail: [email protected] (LAR); [email protected] (DAW)
Affiliation: Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
Introduction
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease defined by distinct tumor phenotypes that vary in prognosis and response to therapeutic agents and remains the second leading cause of cancer related deaths among women in the United States [1]. Although standard therapeutics have improved the outlook and quality of life, 16% of women with regional lesions and 76% of women with metastatic disease continue to lose their fight against breast cancer within the first five years of diagnosis [1]. Clinical management of breast cancer...