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Ho-Seong Lee 1 and Moo-Yeon Lee 2
Recommended by Hakan F. Oztop
1, Korea Automotive Technology Institute, 74 Yongjung-Ri, Pungse-Myun, Dongnam-Gu, Chonan-si 330-012, Republic of Korea
2, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550 Beon-Gil Saha-Gu, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
Received 4 October 2012; Accepted 29 January 2013
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
1. Introduction
Many automotive companies are developing green cars without an internal combustion engine, because international regulations on the use of fossil fuel resources have become stricter with increases in global warming and glacier melting. Also, conventional vehicles have two major problems; one is the use of fossil fuels for driving, and the other is the use of chemical refrigerants in the air-conditioning system for cabin cooling. So, many automotive makers are developing green cars that do not use fossil fuels. Although the classifications of green cars have not been officially defined internationally, we generally classify electrically driven vehicles as electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, and hybrid vehicles [ 1, 2]. Among these, the hybrid vehicle is the most commercially accessible alternative to fossil fuel vehicles because many techniques for the realization of the mass production have been developed by leading automotive makers. The hybrid vehicle uses two driving power systems consisting of an internal combustion engine and a high-voltage battery pack system for the driving motors. The two driving systems are operated optionally depending on the driving conditions, including road conditions and outdoor temperatures. And these driving types for the hybrid vehicle could give a stable driving distance. In general, the high-voltage battery pack system in the hybrid electric vehicle is used in the short driving mode for less than 60 km driving distance at low driving velocity and the installed engine is used in the long driving mode for more than 60 km driving distance at high driving velocity. The driving method of the hybrid electric vehicle could reduce both unpredictable and predictable problems during the driving of the fully electric driven vehicles such as the fuel cell electric vehicles and electric vehicles.
To overcome the two problems of conventional vehicles,...