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Young-Sik Jeong 1 and Hyun-Woo Kim 1 and Jong Hyuk Park 2
Recommended by Michael H. Jeong
1, Department of Multimedia Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro 1 Gil, Jung-Gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
2, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 139-743, Republic of Korea
Received 23 May 2013; Accepted 21 July 2013
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
1. Introduction
Recently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) technologies have been utilized in diverse areas as application services. In addition, as ubiquitous paradigms have been expanded, areas where WSNs are applied have been expanded from industries, schools, and research institutes to all areas in the human society [1-3].
In general, sensor nodes transmit the sensed information to sink nodes through wireless networks, and sink nodes transmit the information to middleware or servers. These transmitted data are processed to be suitable for applications in diverse situations. WSNs technologies have been used in diverse areas such as medical devices, medical systems, such as those for the elderly persons, traffic control and safety, high-grade car systems, process control, energy saving, important social infrastructures, aviation software, weapon systems, distributed robots (robots processed by multiple computers), manufacturing, and communications [2, 4].
WSNs are divided into mobile sensor networks (MSNs) and fixed sensor networks (FSNs) from the aspect of the mobility of sensors. MSNs are usefully used in certain target areas that cannot be easily accessed by humans or other equipment or that must be always flexibly monitored. The sensed information by the sensors while they are moving such as heat, temperature, magnetic fields, and sounds is transmitted to application servers through communication protocols between sensors. Depending on the areas of application, sensor nodes establish FSNs which remain at fixed positions, and these FSNs are usefully used in target areas where diverse kinds of sensing information should be constantly observed and periodically monitored.
For establishing these MSNs and FSNs, the coverage of sensing by sensor nodes, the connectivity between sensor nodes, the optimum arrangements of sensor nodes in target areas, the number of sensors, and...