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Abstract
El virus sincitial respiratorio es uno de los patógenos con la más alta prevalencia en infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior e inferior. Este virus desencadena cuadros tan severos como bronquiolitis en los lactantes y neumonías en los ancianos. El desarrollo de vacunas se ha visto afectado por la falta de conocimiento respecto a cuál es el mecanismo inmunitario adecuado para prevenir la infec- ción, además de la capacidad del virus para interferir con el desarrollo de la respuesta inmunitaria. El objetivo es revisar la biología molecular del virus, cómo éste puede interferir con la respuesta inmunitaria y cómo este conocimiento previo ha servido para desarrollar estrategias profilácticas tipo vacunas que aunque todavía están en escala del laboratorio lucen prometedoras. La fuente de información para esta revisión fueron los artículos publicados desde 1990 hasta la fecha en las revistas indexadas en ISI y PUBMED. Palabras claves: Virus sincitial respiratorio, profilaxis, biología molecular, ciclo de infección/ SALUD UNINORTE. Barranquilla (Col.) 2006; 22 (2): 135-153 Respiratory syncytial virus is one of the pathogens with the highest prevalence in infections of upper and lower respiratory tracts. This virus triggers clinical phenotypes as severe as bronchiolytis in infants and pneumonia in the elderly. The development of vaccines has been hampered by the lack of knowledge regarding the adequate immune mechanism able to address the infection as well as the ability of the virus to interfere with the development of a complete immune response. The aim of this paper is to review the molecular biology aspects of the virus; how the virus is able to interfere with the immune response; and how this previous knowledge has helped us to develop prophylactic strategies as vaccines, which they look promising even though they are still at bench scale. The source for this review came from articles published from 1990 until today in journal indexed in ISI and PUBMED. Key words: Respiratory syncytial virus, prophylaxis, molecular biology, infection csycle
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