Content area
Full text
(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)
Shaolun Xu 1 and Donghan Feng 1 and Zheng Yan 1 and Liang Zhang 1 and Naihu Li 2 and Lei Jing 2 and Jianhui Wang 3
Academic Editor:Shuai Li
1, Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, China
2, Alstom Grid Technology Center Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
3, Argonne National Laboratory, Decision and Information Sciences Division, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
Received 25 January 2013; Revised 7 April 2013; Accepted 7 April 2013
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
1. Introduction
As a new effective means of alleviating the energy crisis, reducing environmental pollution and global warming, EVs have more incomparable advantages than conventional cars and become the focus of governments, automakers, and energy companies now [1, 2]. The EV development strategy research report, accomplished by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, predicted that there will be 60 million EVs in 2030 in China.
If widely used, EVs will aggregately contribute a new large load to the power grid. Large-scale integration of EVs will pose new challenges to the safe and economic operation of the power system [3-6]. Charging load may further increase the peak load. Grid congestion, network losses, and power quality may be worsening. In overall, the randomness of EVs' charging activities in time and space brings uncertainty and risk to the power system operation. If appropriate charging strategies are adopted, EVs can be used for the load valley filling, congestion management, and other ancillary services for power systems.
Most distributed energy resources, such as small wind turbines and roof-top photovoltaic panels, have the characteristics of random and intermittent. It is very difficult to dispatch the traditional generators to balance their power. If appropriate charging strategies are adopted, EVs can also be used to improve the performance of distributed energy resources. So it is very important to do some deep research on the EV charging model and the charging control algorithm.
Smart grid revolutionizes the current electric power infrastructure by integrating with advanced communication and information technologies which can provide efficient,...