LEOPARD syndrome with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome on electrocardiography

Abstract

According to criteria proposed by Voron et al., to diagnose LS, the patient must have lentiginosis along with at least two of the minor criteria, which are cardiac structural or ECG abnormalities, genitourinary abnormalities, endocrinal abnormalities, neurologic defects, cephalofacial dysmorphism, shortness of stature, skeletal abnormalities, and other cutaneous abnormalities. According to some authors, LS patients have increased melanocytic activity, secondary to an abnormal development of neural crest cells and increased β-adrenergic effector activity in the myocardium.