Dermatological manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: Morphological spectrum with CD4 correlation

Abstract

Background: More than 90% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients develop skin lesions at some time throughout the course of the disease. Several skin diseases have proved to be sensitive and useful indicators of progression of HIV infection. Although these conditions may be seen in general healthy population, their occurrence in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is often atypical, more severe and explosive. Aims: The present study was carried out to categorize the skin lesions by histopathology using punch biopsy or cytology when feasible in HIV infected patients and to see the correlation for various skin lesions with CD4 counts. Materials and Methods: In total 110 known HIV positive patients with the symptomatic skin lesions, cytology and punch biopsy was correlated with CD4 counts. Results: Maximum patients were between 31 and 40 years. 53 (48.18%) patients had infectious and 37 (34.55%) patients had non-infectious lesions. Out of 110 patients, CD4 counts were available in 70 patients. The spectrum of various non-infectious and infectious lesions such as viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoa and their association with CD4 counts is discussed. Conclusions: CD4 counts below 200 were associated with the maximum infectious lesions, whereas CD4 counts more than 350 showed more of the non-infectious lesions. Most common infectious lesion was Molluscum contagiosum. The most common non-infectious lesion was pruritic papular eruptions.