Abstract

Aim : To establish the frequency, associations and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in hospital population of South India. Materials and Methods : In this cross-sectional hospital based study, 3549 subjects (2090 men and 1459 women) above 45 years of age were screened randomly for AMD. Participants underwent ocular evaluation and were interviewed for lifestyle variables and dietary intake of carotenoids by structured food frequency questionnaire. AMD was defined according to the international classifications and grading system. Results : Either form of AMD was detected in 77 (2.2%) participants. Of which, early and late AMD was present in 63 (1.8%) and 14 (0.4%) subjects, respectively. Binary logistic analysis showed that the incidence of AMD was significantly higher with increasing age (Odds ratio [OR] 1.17; 95% CI 1.13-1.22) and diabetes (OR 3.97; 95% CI 2.11-7.46). However, AMD was significant among heavy cigarette smokers (OR 5.58; 95% CI 0.88-7.51) and alcoholics (OR 4.85; 95% CI 2.45-12.22). Dietary lutein/zeaxanthin (L/Z) and β-carotene intake were associated (P < 0.001) with the reduction in risk for AMD, with an OR of 0.38 and 0.65, respectively. Conclusions : Higher dietary intake of carotenoids, especially L/Z, was associated with lower risk for AMD. Risk of AMD is higher with increasing age and was prevalent among subjects with diabetes. Cessation of smoking and alcohol may reduce the risk of AMD in this population.

Details

Title
Dietary and lifestyle risk factors associated with age-related macular degeneration: A hospital based study
Author
Nidhi, Bhatiwada; Mamatha, Bangera; Padmaprabhu, Chamrajnagar; Pallavi, Prabhu; Vallikannan, Baskaran
Pages
722-7
Publication year
2013
Publication date
Dec 2013
Publisher
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd.
ISSN
03014738
e-ISSN
19983689
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
1491125700
Copyright
Copyright Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd Dec 2013