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César Ortega-Corral 1,2 and Luis E. Palafox 1 and J. Antonio García-Macías 3 and Jaime Sánchez-García 4 and Leocundo Aguilar 1
Academic Editor:Tai-hoon Kim
1, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja Californía, Calzada Tecnológico 14418, Mesa de Otay, 22390 Tijuana, BC, Mexico
2, Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación, Universidad Tecnológica de Tijuana Km. 10 Carretera Libre Tijuana-Tecate, Fraccionamiento El Refugio, Quintas Campestre, 22650 Tijuana, BC, Mexico
3, Departamento de Electrónica y Telecomunicaciones, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada, BC, Mexico
4, Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada, BC, Mexico
Received 21 March 2013; Revised 7 October 2013; Accepted 7 October 2013; 27 January 2014
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
1. Introduction
During the last decade, wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been at the forefront in many ubiquitous sensor oriented research and application developments. A large amount of WSN publications have appeared [1-3] due in part to the constantly growing application space (smart homes, assisted living, precision agriculture, habitat monitoring, etc.), pointing out that the most successful WSN endeavors have been application-centric deployments as discussed in [4-6].
In most monitoring WSN applications, sensor nodes have fixed locations. Another important issue is distance, which influences the decision of what general architecture is more practical for a WSN [7]. Most data routing protocols can be classified according to the general WSN structure as flat, hierarchical, or position-based [8, 9]. A flat structure is usually applied for dense networks where many wireless nodes are close together. On the other hand, for long range sparse WSN applications a hierarchical structure may be more practical than a mesh network. And the third option is the position based architecture, which can be used either way in short range or long range WSN with power budget requirements and extended GPS (global positioning system) hardware, in order to update the nodes position coordinates. With the implicit restriction that...