Risk of oral cancer associated with gutka and other tobacco products: A hospital-based case-control study

Abstract

Background: Although tobacco deaths rarely make headlines, tobacco kills one person every six seconds. Tobacco kills a third to half of all people who use it, on average 15 years prematurely. Aim of the Study: To study the risk of oral cancer associated with gutka consumption and other tobacco products. Objective: (1) To find the association between gutka consumption and oral cancer. (2) To study the association between oral cancer and other tobacco products. Methodology: A case-control study of 134 cases and 268 controls, over a period of 5 months, from March 2013 to July 2013, was carried out at the Kasturba medical hospital in Manipal, India. The participants were personally interviewed by the investigator using a structured questionnaire on consumption of tobacco, poly-ingredient dip products, alcohol, dietary practices, oral hygiene practices and demographic status. Results: Univariate logistic regression followed by multivariate logistic regression was done for identifying the risk factors and adjusted for the confounding variables. Analysis showed that gutka (<0.001, OR = 5.1 95% CI = 2.0-10.3), chewing tobacco (P < 0.001, OR = 6.0 95% CI = 2.3-15.7), supari (P < 0.001, OR = 11.4 95% CI = 3.4,38.2), betel quid (P < 0.001, OR = 6.4 95% CI = 2.6-15.5), bidi (P < 0.05, OR = 2.3 95% CI = 1.1-4.8) and alcohol (P < 0.001, OR = 3.7 95%CI = 1.8-7.5) had strong association with oral cancer upon adjustment. Conclusion: The study provided strong evidence that gutka, supari, chewing tobacco, betel quid, bidi and alcohol are independent risk factors for oral cancer.