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SIF and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015

Abstract

The low-background, VUV-sensitive 3-inch diameter photomultiplier tube R11410 has been developed by Hamamatsu for dark matter direct detection experiments using liquid xenon as the target material. We present the results from the joint effort between the XENON collaboration and the Hamamatsu company to produce a highly radio-pure photosensor (version R11410-21) for the XENON1T dark matter experiment. After introducing the photosensor and its components, we show the methods and results of the radioactive contamination measurements of the individual materials employed in the photomultiplier production. We then discuss the adopted strategies to reduce the radioactivity of the various PMT versions. Finally, we detail the results from screening 286 tubes with ultra-low background germanium detectors, as well as their implications for the expected electronic and nuclear recoil background of the XENON1T experiment.

Details

Title
Lowering the radioactivity of the photomultiplier tubes for the XENON1T dark matter experiment
Author
Aprile, E; Agostini, F; Alfonsi, M; Arazi, L; Arisaka, K; Arneodo, F; Auger, M; Balan, C; Barrow, P; Baudis, L; Bauermeister, B; Behrens, A; Beltrame, P; Brown, A; Brown, E; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Bütikofer, L; Cardoso, J M; R; Coderre, D; Colijn, A P; Contreras, H; Cussonneau, J P; Decowski, M P; Giovanni, A Di; Duchovni, E; Fattori, S; Ferella, A D; Fieguth, A; Fulgione, W; Galloway, M; Garbini, M; Geis, C; Goetzke, L W; Grignon, C; Gross, E; Hampel, W; Itay, R; Kaether, F; Kessler, G; Kish, A; Landsman, H; Lang, R F; Calloch, M Le; Lellouch, D; Levinson, L; Levy, C; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Lopes, J A; M; Lyashenko, A; Macmullin, S; Undagoitia, T Marrodán; Masbou, J; Massoli, F V; Mayani, D; Fernandez, A J; Melgarejo; Meng, Y; Messina, M; Miguez, B; Molinario, A; Murra, M; Naganoma, J; Oberlack, U; Orrigo, S E; A; Pakarha, P; Pantic, E; Persiani, R; Piastra, F; Pienaar, J; Plante, G; Priel, N; Rauch, L; Reichard, S; Reuter, C; Rizzo, A; Rosendahl, S; Dos Santos, J M; F; Sartorelli, G; Schindler, S; Schreiner, J; Schumann, M; Lavina, L Scotto; Selvi, M; Shagin, P; Simgen, H; Teymourian, A; Thers, D; Tiseni, A; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Vitells, O; Wall, R; Wang, H; Weber, M; Weinheimer, C; Laubenstein, M
Pages
1-10
Publication year
2015
Publication date
Nov 2015
Publisher
Springer Nature B.V.
ISSN
14346044
e-ISSN
14346052
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
1750711751
Copyright
SIF and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015