Effect of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Vascular Damage Caused by Consumption of High Fructose Corn Syrup in Rats

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Aburrahman Gun 1 and Mehmet Kaya Ozer 2 and Sedat Bilgic 3 and Nevin Kocaman 4 and Gonca Ozan 5

Academic Editor:Vittorio Calabrese

1, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
2, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
3, Department of Biochemistry, Vocational School of Health Services, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
4, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
5, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

Received 24 April 2015; Accepted 8 February 2016

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

1. Introduction

Fructose consumption in the form of high fructose corn syrup or sucrose, particularly as sweeteners of carbonated beverages, has increased dramatically in the last 30 years [1-3]. The consumption of food and beverages made of corn originated fructose plays an important role in the chronic diseases of childhood and adolescence in the modern world [2, 4-8]. As a result of the epidemiological and the experimental studies, it was suggested that the high fructose nutrients, especially along with physical immobility and consumption excess, could play a significant role in the development of chronic diseases (such as hypertension, obesity, metabolic syndrome, kidney disease, and calculi). And it was particularly pointed out that the problem underlying this situation might be the fructose [2, 9]. Studies have been conducted on the relationship between fructose consumption and obesity and the metabolic syndrome and hypertension [2, 10-14].

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) is an active component of propolis substance which regulates the immune system and the immunostimulatory effect of which is known and whose structure is similar to the flavonoids produced by the honey bee [15]. It is known that CAPE has hepatotoxicity protective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and cytostatic effects [16, 17]. Its antiinflammatory effect is more apparent compared to other components of propolis, for it strongly modulates the arachidonic acid cascade [15]. CAPE has got two annular structures [18]. One of these annular structures is carrying functional two OH-groups showing almost all chemical properties of CAPE molecules. These hydroxyl groups...