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Abstract
O estudo da estrutura de capital é considerado, por muitos, um dos temas mais complexos em finanças, em que diversas teorias, baseadas no paradigma da racionalidade, foram criadas para explicar as decisões sobre o mix das fontes de financiamento das organizações. Porém, o foco central dos estudos empíricos de estrutura de capital são as grandes empresas. Levando em conta a importância das micro e pequenas empresas no modelo econômico atual, o presente artigo teve como objetivo identificar o perfil de seus gestores, os relacionamentos bancários existentes e as fontes de capital utilizadas por essas empresas. Os dados foram coletados através de uma pesquisa survey, que contemplou 546 micro e pequenos empresários no Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados indicam que a maior parte dos empresários é do sexo masculino, casado e possui ensino médio. As firmas possuem um bom relacionamento com os bancos, mas, apesar disso, apresentam dificuldades em obter financiamento externo. As principais fontes de financiamento utilizadas são lucros acumulados, economias pessoais e empréstimos bancários.//The study of capital structure is considered by many to be one of the most complex subjects in finance, in which several theories based on the rationality paradigm were designed to explain decisions about the mix of organizations' funding sources. However, the central focus of empirical capital structure studies are large firms. Taking into account the importance of micro and small companies in the current economic model, this article aimed to identify the profile of its managers, the existing banking relationships and the sources of capital used by these companies. Data were collected through a survey survey, which included 546 micro and small entrepreneurs in Rio Grande do Sul. The results indicate that most of the entrepreneurs are male, married and have high school. Firms have a good relationship with banks, but despite this, they have difficulties obtaining external financing. The main sources of financing used are accumulated profits, personal savings and bank loans
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