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Environ Health Prev Med (2016) 21:410421 DOI 10.1007/s12199-016-0541-3
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The associations between lifestyles and mental health usingthe General Health Questionnaire 12-items are different dependently on age and sex: a population-based cross-sectional study in Kanazawa, Japan
Daisuke Hori1 Hiromasa Tsujiguchi1 Yasuhiro Kambayashi1 Toshio Hamagishi1
Masami Kitaoka1 Junko Mitoma1 Hiroki Asakura1 Fumihiko Suzuki1
Enoch Olando Anyenda1 Thao Thi Thu Nguyen1 Yuri Hibino1
Aki Shibata1 Koichi Hayashi3 Takiko Sagara1 Shinichiro Sasahara2
Ichiyo Matsuzaki2 Kotaro Hatta4 Tadashi Konoshita5 Hiroyuki Nakamura1
Received: 22 February 2016 / Accepted: 26 May 2016 / Published online: 6 June 2016 The Japanese Society for Hygiene 2016
AbstractObjectives The aim of this study was to examine potential differences of the associations between mental health and lifestyle factors across a wide range of age.
Methods In August/September 2011, data were collected from 4693 males (age 51.6 19.5) and 5678 females (age52.4 19.4) living in Kanazawa, Japan. A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted with self-administered questionnaire including the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) 12-item version, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors. Associations between the GHQ scores and other variables were examined using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by multiple comparisons and logistic regression stratied by age and gender.
Results Multiple comparisons indicated that people aged 2039 or 4064 had higher GHQ scores than older aged. The two-way ANOVA revealed signicant interaction between body mass index and age group, and between
exercise and age group. Overweight or underweight males aged 4064 had poorer mental health than those at normal weight. In the elderly, being underweight was signicantly associated with poor mental health. There were no significant effects of exercise on mental health for young adults. The logistic regression showed signicant negative effects of short-time sleep in adults.
Conclusions The associations between mental health and lifestyles differ across age groups. Further study is needed to reveal effects of aging on lifestyle and mental health with a longitudinal design.
Keywords Aging Cross sectional Lifestyle
The General Health Questionnaire Mental health
Introduction
Mental health is now a major public health problem in the world. As in other countries, mental disorders are spreading in Japan. It has been reported that a prevalence of common mental disorders in Japan was 8.8 % [1]. From the aspect...