Oancea Bogdan Marian 1*
1 Transilvania University of Brasov, 29 Eroilor street, 500036, Romania
* Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Keywords: free throws, secondary selection, basketball, balance, correlation.
Abstract
The concerns of most sports professionals are directed towards achieving athletic performance by streamlining and standardizing the process of sports training, and by identifying new and effective selection strategy. This research aims to achieve a correlation between specific performance basketball game - U15 category and balance indices of athletes. Thus, the study seeks to rank the performances of subjects in specific tests on the efficacy of free throws, tests with strong influences physical (test Forte), mental (test p), and the test developed by the Federation specialized indices balance measured using a device approved platform type PEV07 balance. The main conclusion of the research is that athletes showing increased percentage of free throws indexes show higher equilibrium, in our view there is a relationship in this aspect. Thus, we consider it appropriate premise consideration of specific criteria regarding the composition of a strategy for secondary female basketball selection from this observation.
1. Introduction
In this study, we intend to investigate the possible connection between the players in the group experimental outstanding performance in terms of the percentage of successful free throws and clues related to balance their superiors. With this in mind, we tested all subjects undergo the experiment using the platform team balance at the end of the research period, registering obtained data along with those arising from the 3 specific technical evidence.
We note that the selection process performance basketball sometimes based on anthropometric data and psychological studies (McKenzie, 1985; Hoare, 1999, p. 391-405), adding statistics on the state of our physical skills human exercise capacity (Riezebos, Paterson, Hall & Yuhasz, 1983, p. 34-40) and specific tests to establish the ownership of the art game (Balli & Korukoglu, 2014, p. 56-69), Letawsky, Schneider, Pedersen and Palmer (2003, p. 604-610) raise even influence the selection in basketball practiced in North American Colleges reported in the financial this process.
Interestingly, the level of local female basketball, free throw is particularly important in the game's economy to the National Basketball League Women, over the last 3 seasons, participating teams get a percentage of 69.19% on free throws share their value reaching 17.83% (Oancea & Ionescu, 2015, p. 23-29).
Throwing in the game of basketball is the most challenging of all sports skill with the ball. Disposal is the most difficult element of the game of basketball technical, requiring high accuracy precision carried muscle (Paye & Paye, 2013, p. 181).
Kozar, Vaughn, Lord and Whitfield, (1994, p. 243-248) argue that free throw in basketball game is the most important, accounting for 20% of total points scored in N.C.A.A. Disposal economy is becoming more important in the game at the end of the that, when, in the last five minutes of the game increases its percentage share of successful points.
Krause (2002, p. 225-226) raises the question of constancy in the last 20 years in terms of the percentage of successful free throws in American Colleges reserved races, namely the barrier of 70 percent. To pass this limit, professor Kraus believes that the shorts athletes should embroidered letters K, A and P, acronyms meant to remind basketball 3 requirements for success: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP).
Free throw would be the easiest process in the basketball game, the player is alone at 15 feet (about 4.57 m.) away from the ring without defensive and troublemakers (Okubo & Hubbard, 2006, p. 1305) requiring good concentration, the most important element being represented by a corresponding mechanical (Kozar, Vaughn, Lord & Whitfield, 1995, p. 125).
The same aspect of free throws is supported by Showalter (2012, p. 77), by calling into question the ability performer to relax and be positive thinking. Players can also turn to the motivation and relaxation techniques, thinking it is a good pitcher, while viewing the route entering through ball basketball ring.
Lam, Maxwell and Masters (2009, p. 181) states that basketball players to be effective from the free throw line because it largely determines the final outcome of the game.
It is known that the balance/maintain it in the conditions required for the free throw in basketball game form is achieved by reflex muscular and nervous system. Specific tests were conducted this activity with steady platform type PEV07 after watching them realize a possible correlation between the performance of the tests applied research subjects and indications of measured through balance.
Technical equipment allows the study of the evolution of the position of the projection on a horizontal plane of the center of mass of the athlete (center of pressure) through the acquisition of data on the time evolution of the position of the center of pressure, providing a side information visually in real time to players, performing calculations standard on data on the development of the center of pressure and archiving of primary data in a format designed for intensive data processing and advanced with programs developed for this purpose or commercial data processing applications.
2. Material and methods
The research purpose is to streamline the strategy of female basketball secondary selection, the objectives of the study being:
* Carrying out specific tests studied topic;
* Quantification of specific sports performance;
* Establish indices balance of each subject;
* Establishing the relationship/correlation between specific sports performance and balance.
Research subjects are represented by components Brasov University Sports Club team, Under 15 category, entered in the Junior National Championship Edition 2012-2013, totalising 14 athlets. I mention that I have prepared this team for 4 years at the time the experiment being head coach at this echelon of age.
The study was conducted in the gymnasium of the National College Gregory Moisil (specific technical tests) and the Research Center for Human Performance and Quality of Life from Brasov (balance test).
The hypothesis has focused on the establishment of the equilibrium indices and successful free throws in the game of basketball in junior female echelon. Thus, the research started with the assumption that can develop specific criteria regarding secondary selection strategy based on an analysis correlative indices related to balance and performance in terms of successful free throws.
Research methods used in the present research are:
* literature study;
* observation;
* method tests;
* graphical method.
Intervention applied consisted in testing subjects of research on the effectiveness of free throws in the game of basketball, achieving a classification in this parallel registration indices balance in order to establish a correlation that later this be inserted into any selection strategy specific secondary in the game of women's basketball.
Organising and conducting research
Efficiency tests were performed free throws in March and April of 2013. They included three samples, two of their own creation and a test developed by the specialized committees of the federation. We note that these samples were held twice, taking into account the arithmetic mean of the results, the disclosure of which is presented below:
Forte test consists of 15 free throws, so:
* 3 shots - sprint to center of the field - 3 squats with detachment of the ground - sprint to free throws line;
* 2 shots - mentain 30 seconds holding pushup position;
* 3 shots - basketball small marathon;
* 2 shots - 8 pushups, easy running until the center of the field, walking to the free throws line;
* 2 shots - travel to the center of the field with detachment of the groun squats (frog travel) - sprint to the free throws line;
* 1 shot - doing the j amping j ack move;
* 2 shots.
FRB Test consists of 12 free throws, the player starts from the bottom line running to the center line and back to the line of free throws, throwing 2 series of 3-2-1 throws, between the series the player runs to the center and back, the result of the test is represented by the number of the baskets marked/successful baskets, the test is taken from the set of tests and rules of the Romanian Basketball Federation (http://www.frbaschet.ro/regulamente/ Probe_si_Norme_ de_control_2012.pdf.)
The P test consists from 10 free throws at a basketball rim, that has a shooter ring device, who reduce the rim diameter from 45,7 cm to 35 cm. The test presopose 5 sets of 2 free throws, between sets the players have to stand in shot position with their eyes closed for 10 seconds.
COR4 exercise, research subjects imposed consists of four phases lasting a fixed time (20 seconds if our testing):
* Phase 1: the subject's eyes are open, but no information on the screen;
* Phase 2: the subject's eyes closed;
* Phase 3: the subject's eyes open and has information on the screen;
* Phase 4: the subject's eyes are open and must bow to put pressure on the center of a visible marker on the monitor; markers position is calculated as follows: determine the average position of marker 3rd phase and positioned to position the same x and y equivalent tilting movement before the subject with a settable angle (usually 15 degrees); 4th phase has a preamble (2 seconds) to familiarize the subject with marcher position.
Of the four phases of the exercise have been appropriate parameters related to the length of the route rebalancing phase, marked P4. This choice was materialized due to the comments made that the rebalancing phase of the exercise is the same from our point of view the purpose of the execution process studied in juvenile basketball, the lack of specific force execution by printing free throws body athletes sometimes an imbalance to the forward direction.
3. Results and discussions
Test results on the effectiveness of technical free throws are presented below:
Test results specific efficiency free throws applied research subjects indicates that the group test Forte have scored 231 baskets, 109 test P and the one developed by the governing specialized 216, values that determine a average of 16,5 units, 7,78 respective 15,42 successful attemps.
Wanting to present this performance in a ranking we will use the following algorithm: will be awarded a number of points identical to the number of baskets scored in the tests, the presentation can be done in descending order of values obtained in conjunction with clues balance Platform balance obtained using PEV07 type (Table 2).
Athletes ranked by algorithm recalled nevertheless fall in a wide range of values between 50 and 29,5 points, an average of 40,28 units. Regarding the length of phase rebalancing, performance is between 742 and 1114 mm, the arithmetic mean is 902,21.
The graph above (Drawing 1) shows the values obtained in the tests and the effectiveness of free throws on the balance. It appears the relationship between efficiency and clues balance of successful free throws, the route length is shorter rebalancing the athletes that present high percentages of success in free throws and longer for low percentages, what the specific technical evidence.
4. Conclusions
From the analysis of data and interpretation the posture images of the research subjects we can say with certainty that the working hypothesis is confirmed, athletes with high percentage in terms of percentage of free throws converted presents that indexes balance superiors there from our point of view a relationship concrete in this regard. Thus, we consider it appropriate premise of considering the development of specific selection criteria secondary female basketball from this observation.
It notes that young basketball players with higher percentages on free throws indices recorded higher equilibrium top 5 sports hierarchy with an average of 46,2 points with a route of 793 mm rebalancing phase, the last 5 subjects averaging 34,7 points, corresponding to a length of the route rebalancing of 1017,4 mm.
STUDIU PRIVIND EFICIENTIZAREA STRATEGIE! DE SELECTIE SECUNDARA ÎN BASCHETUL FEMININ
Oancea Bogdan Marian1
1 Universitatea Transilvania din Brasov, B-dul Eroilor nr. 29, 500036, Romania
Cuvinte cheie: aruncari libere, selectie secundara, baschet, echilibru, corelatie.
Rezumat
Preocuparile majoritatii specialistilor din domeniul sportiv sunt canalizate în directia obtinerii performantei sportive prin rationalizarea si standardizarea procesului de antrenament sportiv, dar si prin a identifica noi si eficiente strategii de selectie. Prezenta cercetare îsi propune sa realizeze o corelatie între performanta specifica jocului de baschet - categoria U15 si indicii de echilibru ai sportivelor. Astfel, studiul încearca sa ierarhizeze performantele obtinute de subiecti la teste specifice privind eficacitatea aruncarilor libere, teste cu puternice influente fizice (test Forte), psihice (test p), dar si testul elaborat de Federatia de specialitate cu indicii echilibrului masurati cu ajutorul unui dispozitiv omologat, Platforma de echilibru tip PEV07. Concluzia principala a cercetarii este faptul ca sportivii ce prezinta procentaj crescut al aruncarilor libere prezinta indici superiori ai echilibrului, existând din punctul nostru de vedere o relatie în acest sens. Astfel, consideram ca este oportuna premisa luarii în considerare a unor criterii specifice privind alcatuirea unei strategii de selectie secundara în baschetul feminin pornind de la aceasta observatie.
1. Introducere
În prezentul studiu, ne propunem sa cercetam eventuala conexiune dintre jucatoarele componente ale grupului experimental cu performante deosebite în ceea ce priveste procentul de aruncari libere reusite si indicii superiori referitori la echilibrul acestora. În aceasta idee, am testat toti subiectii echipei supuse experimentului cu ajutorul platformei de echilibru, la sfârsitul perioadei de cercetare, intabulând datele obtinute alaturi de cele reiesite din cele 3 probe tehnice specifice.
Remarcam ca privind procesul de selectie în baschetul de performanta se bazeaza uneori pe date antropometrice si studii psihologice (McKenzie, 1985; Hoare, 1999, p. 391-405), adâugându-se statistici privind gradul de dezvoltare al competentelor fizice umane, a capacitatii de efort (Riezebos, Paterson, Hall & Yuhasz, 1983, p. 34-40) si teste specifice pentru determinarea gradului de însusire a tehnicii jocului (Balli & Korukoglu, 2014, p. 56-69), Letawsky, Schneider, Pedersen and Palmer (2003, p. 604-610) aduc în discutie chiar si influenta selectiei în baschetul practicat în Colegiile Nord-Ameriane raportata la partea financiara a acestui proces.
Interesant este faptul ca, la nivelul baschetului feminin autohton, aruncarea libera este deosebit de importanta în economia jocului, la nivelul Ligii Nationale de Baschet Feminin, pe parcursul ultimelor 3 sezoane, echipele participante obtin un procentaj de 69,19% la aruncarile libere, ponderea acestora atingând valoarea de 17,83% (Oancea & Ionescu, 2015, p. 23-29).
Aruncarea în jocul de baschet este cea mai provocatoare abilitate din toate disciplinele sportive cu minge. Aruncarea este cel mai greu element tehnic al jocului de baschet, necesitând precizie musculara dusa la rnalta acuratete (Paye & Paye, 2013, p. 181).
Kozar, Vaughn, Lord and Whitfield, (1994, p. 243-248) sustin ca aruncarea libera în jocul de baschet este cea mai importanta, având o pondere de 20% din totalul punctelor marcate din N.C.A.A. Aruncarea devine si mai importanta în economia jocului la sfârsitul acestuia, când, în ultimile 5 minute ale meciului îi creste procentajul ponderii punctelor reusite.
Krause (2002, p. 225-226) ridica problema constantei în ultimii 20 ani în ceea ce priveste procentajul aruncarilor libere reusite în întrecerile rezervate colegiilor americane, si anume bariera celor 70 de procente. Pentru a trece de aceasta limita, profesorul Krausse este de parere ca pe sorturile sportivilor ar trebui brodate literele K, A si P, acronime menite sa reaminteasca baschetbalistilor cele 3 cerinte critice ale reusitei: K - knowledge (cunostinte), A - attitude (atitudine) si P - practice (antrenament).
Aruncarea libera ar trebui sa fie cel mai facil procedeu în jocul de baschet, jucatorul fiind singur, la 15 feet (aproximativ 4,57 m.) departare de inel, fara defensiva si elemente perturbatoare (Okubo & Hubbard, 2006, p. 1305), necesitând o buna concentrare, cel mai important element constituindu-l o mecanica corespunzatoare (Kozar, Vaughn, Lord & Whitfield, 1995, p. 125).
Acelasi aspect al aruncarilor libere este sustinut si de Showalter (2012 p. 77), autorul aducând în discutie si abilitatea executantului de a se relaxa si de a fi pozitiv în gândire. Jucatori pot apela si la tehnici specifice de motivare si relaxare, gândindu-se ca este un bun aruncator, vizualizând în acelasi timp traseul mingii intrând prin inelul de baschet.
Lam, Maxwell and Masters (2009, p. 181), afirma faptul ca jucatorii de baschet trebuie sa fie eficienti de la linia de aruncari libere deoarece aceasta determina în mare masura rezultatul final al jocului.
Este cunoscut faptul ca echilibrul / pastrarea acestuia în condifiile cerute de aruncarea libera în jocul de baschet se realizeaza sub forma reflexa de catre sistemul muscular si cel nervos. Testarile specifice acestei activitati s-au realizat cu Platforma de echilibru tip PEV07, în urma acestora urmarind sa realizam o eventuala corelatie între performantele obtinute de subiectii cercetarii la testele aplícate si indicii referitori la echilibru masurati cu ajutorul acestui dispozitiv.
Echipamentul tehnic permite studiul evolufiei pozifiei proiecfiei pe un plan orizontal a centrului de masa al sportivei (centrul de presiune), prin achizifionarea datelor privind evolufia în timp a pozifiei centrului de presiune, furnizarea unei reacfii informafionale vizuale în timp real catre jucatoare, efectuarea unor calcule standard asupra datelor privind evolufia pozifiei centrului de presiune, precum si arhivarea datelor primare într-un format destinat prelucrarilor avansate si intensive de date cu programe dezvoltate în acest scop sau cu aplicafii comerciale de prelucrare a datelor.
2. Material si metode
Scopul cercetarii este de a eficientiza strategia de selectie secundara în baschetul feminin, obiectivele studiului fiind:
* Realizarea testarilor specifice temei studiate;
* Cuantificarea performantei sportive specifice;
* Stabilirea indicilor echilibrului ai fiecarui subiect;
* Stabilirea relatiei/corelatiei dintre performanta sportiva specifica si echilibru.
Subiectii cercetarii sunt reprezentati de componentele echipei Clubului Sportiv Universitar Brasov, categoria Under 15, mscrisa în Campionatul National de Juniori în editia 2012 - 2013, însumând 14 sportive. Mentionez faptul ca am pregatit aceasta echipa timp de 4 ani, la momentul desfasurarii experimentului fiind antrenor principal la acest esalon de varsta.
Studiului s-a desfasurat în sala de sport a Colegiului National Grigore Moisil (testele tehnice specifice) si la Centrul de Cercetare pentru Calitatea Vietii si Performanta Umana din Brasov (testarea echilibrului).
Ipoteza de a fost mdreptata catre stabilirea relatiei dintre echilibru si reusita aruncarilor libere în jocul de baschet la esalonul juniori feminin. Astfel, s-a pornit în cercetare cu presupunerea conform careia se pot elabora criterii specifice privind strategia de selectie secundara pe baza unei analize corelative a indicilor referitori la echilibru si a performantelor în ceea ce priveste reusita aruncarilor libere.
Metodele de cercetare folosite în cercetarea prezentata sunt:
* studiul bibliografiei;
* observatia;
* metoda testelor;
* metoda grafica.
Interventia aplicativa a constat în testarea subiectilor cercetarii privind eficienta aruncarilor libere în jocul de baschet, realizarea unei clasificari în acest sens paralel cu înregistrarea indicilor echilibrului în vederea stabilirii unei corelatii pentru ca ulterior acest aspect sa fie introdus într-o eventuala strategie de selectie secundara specifica în jocul de baschet feminin.
Organizarea si desfasurarea cercetarii
Testarile privind eficienta aruncarilor libere au fost realízate în lunile martie si aprilie ale anului 2013. Acestea au cuprins 3 probe, 2 creatie proprie si un test elaborat de comisiile federatiei de specialitate. Mentionam faptul ca aceste probe au fost sustinute de doua ori, luându-se în calcul media aritmetica a rezultatelor, descrierea acestora fiind prezentata în cele ce urmeaza:
1. Testul Forte consta din 15 aruncari de la linia de fault astfel:
* 3 aruncari - sprint pana la centrul terenului - 3 genuflexiuni cu desprindere, sprint înapoi la linia de fault;
* 2 aruncari - mentinut pozitia spijin culcat facial (pozitia de flotare) timp de 30 secunde;
* 3 aruncari - micul maraton;
* 2 aruncari - 8 flotari, alergare usoara pana la linia de la centrul terenului - revenire în mers;
* 2 aruncari - deplasare pana la centru terenului prin sarituri din ghemuit în ghemuit cu desprindere si arcuire, sprint pana la linia de fault;
* 1 aruncare - jamping jacks - 30 secunde;
* 2 aruncari.
2. TestulFRB consta din executarea a 12 aruncari libere; jucatorul pleaca de la linia de fund în alergare pana la linia de centru si înapoi pana la linia de aruncari libere, aruncând 2 serii de 3-2-1 aruncari; între serii se executa alergare pana la centru si înapoi; rezultatul probei este reprezentat de numarul de coçuri marcate (proba extrasa din batería de teste si norme de control a Federatiei Române de Baschet, http://www.frbaschet.ro/ regulamente/Probe_si_Norme_de_control_2012.pdf);
3. Testul P consta din 10 aruncari de la linia de fault, în conditiile în care pe inelul de baschet este montat un dispozitiv pentru a micsora diametrul acestuia de la 45,7 cm la aproximativ 35 cm; se executa 5 seturi a câte 2 aruncari, între seturi având obligativitatea pastrarii pozitiei de aruncare timp de 10 secunde cu ochii închisi;
Exercipul COR4, impus subiectilor cercetarii este format din patru faze care dureaza un timp determinat (în cazul testarii nostre 20 secunde):
* Faza 1: subiectul este cu ochii deschip, dar nu are informare de pe ecran;
* Faza 2: subiectul este cu ochii închip;
* Faza 3: subiectul este cu ochii deschip p are informare de pe ecran;
* Faza 4: subiectul este cu ochii deschip p trebuie sa se încline pentru a pune centrul de presiune pe un marcher vizibil pe monitor; pozitia marcherului este calculata astfel: se determina pozitia medie din faza 3 p se poziponeaza marcherul faja de aceasta pozipe având acelap x iar pe y o deplasare înainte echivalenta cu înclinarea subiectului cu un unghi setabil (de regula 15 grade); faza 4 are un preambul (2 secunde) pentru familiarizarea subiectului cu pozipa marcherului.
Din cele 4 faze ale exercitiului am înregistrat parametrii referitori la lungimea traseului corespunzator fazei de reechilibrare, codificat P4. Aceasta alegere s-a materializat datorita observatiilor realízate conform carora faza de reechilibrare a exercitiului este identica din punctul nostru de vedere cu finalitatea executiei procedeului studiat, în baschetul juvenil, lipsa fortei specifice executiei aruncarilor libere imprimând uneori corpului sportivilor un dezechilibru spre directia înainte.
3. Rezultate si discutii
Rezultatele testelor tehnice privind eficienta aruncarilor libere sunt prezentate în cele ce urmeaza:
Rezultatele testarilor specifice privind eficienta aruncarilor libere aplicate pe subiectii cercetarii indica faptul ca la nivel de grup la testul Forte s-au marcat 231 cosuri, 109 la testul P, iar la cel elaborat de federatia de specialitate 216, valori ce determina medii de 16,5 unitati, 7,78, respectiv 15,42 reusite.
Dorind sa prezentam aceste performante într-un clasament, vom apela la urmatorul algoritm: se vor acorda un numar de puncte identic cu cel al numarului de cosuri înscrise în cadrul testarilor, prezentarea realizându-se în ordinea descrescatoare a valorilor obtinute, coroborata cu indicii echilibrului obtinuti cu ajutorul Platformei de echilibru tip PEV07. (Tabel 2).
Sportivii ierarhizati dupâ algoritmul amintit se mcadreaza totusi într-o plaja larga de valori, între 50 si 29,5 puncte, media fiind de 40,28 unitati. În ceea ce priveste lungimea fazei de reechilibrare, performantele se situeaza între 742 si 1114 mm, media aritmetica fiind 902,21.
Graficul prezentat anterior (Grafic 1) prezinta valorile obtinute în cadrul testarilor eficientei aruncarilor libere si cele referitoare la echilibru. Se constata relatia dintre eficienta reusitelor aruncarilor libere si indicii echilibrului, lungimea traseului de reechilibrare fiind mai scurta la sportivele ce prezinta procentaje crescute de reusita în aruncarile libere si mai lunga în cazul baschetbalistelor ce au procentaje scazute la probele tehnice specifice.
4. Concluzii
Din analiza datelor prezentate, precum si a interpretarii posturogramelor subiectilor cercetarii putem afirma cu certitudine faptul ca ipoteza de lucru este confirmata, sportivii cu procentaj crescut în ceea ce priveste procentajul aruncarilor libere transformate prezintând indici ai echilibrului superiori, existând din punctul nostru de vedere o relatie concreta în acest sens. Astfel, consideram ca este oportuna premisa luarii în considerare a elaborarii unor criterii specifice privind selectia secundara în baschetul feminin pornind de la aceasta observatie.
Se constata faptul ca baschetbalistele cu procentaje superioare privind aruncarile libere înregistreaza indici superiori ai echilibrului, primele 5 sportive din ierarhie având o medie a punctelor de 46,2 cu un traseu al fazei de reechilibrare de 793 mm, ultimimii 5 subiecti înregistrând o medie de 34,7 puncte, corespunzatoare unei lungimi a traseului de reechilibrare de 1017,4 mm.
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14. http://www.frbaschet.ro/regulamente/Probe_si_Norme_de_control_2012.pdf accesed 16.02.2012, 17:03.
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Copyright "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau 2016
Abstract
The concerns of most sports professionals are directed towards achieving athletic performance by streamlining and standardizing the process of sports training, and by identifying new and effective selection strategy. This research aims to achieve a correlation between specific performance basketball game - U15 category and balance indices of athletes. Thus, the study seeks to rank the performances of subjects in specific tests on the efficacy of free throws, tests with strong influences physical (test Forte), mental (test p), and the test developed by the Federation specialized indices balance measured using a device approved platform type PEV07 balance. The main conclusion of the research is that athletes showing increased percentage of free throws indexes show higher equilibrium, in our view there is a relationship in this aspect. Thus, we consider it appropriate premise consideration of specific criteria regarding the composition of a strategy for secondary female basketball selection from this observation.
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Neither ProQuest nor its licensors make any representations or warranties with respect to the translations. The translations are automatically generated "AS IS" and "AS AVAILABLE" and are not retained in our systems. PROQUEST AND ITS LICENSORS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES FOR AVAILABILITY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, COMPLETENESS, NON-INFRINGMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Your use of the translations is subject to all use restrictions contained in your Electronic Products License Agreement and by using the translation functionality you agree to forgo any and all claims against ProQuest or its licensors for your use of the translation functionality and any output derived there from. Hide full disclaimer





