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Introduction
Congenital heart disease (CHD) can be defined as an anatomic malformation of the heart or large vessels which occurs during intrauterine development, irrespective of the age at presentation [1]. It is the most common congenital problem in children representing nearly 25% of all congenital malformations [2]. The incidence of CHD in different studies varies from about 4/1000 to 50/1000 live birth [3]. Congenital cyanotic heart disease (CCHD) accounts for 25% of all cases of CHD [4].
Etiology of most cases of CHD is thought to be multifactorial and they result from a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors [5]. The majority of genetic causes of CHD are sporadic genetic changes or large chromosomal abnormalities [6]. Environmental factors for the development of CHD include maternal disease and drug exposure [7]. Positive family history is considered one of the most common risk factors for CHD [8].
The neonates with CCHD may present with cyanosis, cardiovascular collapse, and congestive heart failure or combinations of these presentations. Pure versions of specific defects may present in some patients, but many neonates have various combinations of defects [9]. Echocardiography, with Doppler and color Doppler has become the primary diagnostic tool for CCHD. In addition, it reduces the requirement for invasive studies such as cardiac catheterization [10].
There is lack of data about spectrum of CCHD in neonates in our locality. The aim of the study was to describe clinical profile and available therapeutic modalities used in the management of CCHD in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Sohag University hospital, Upper Egypt.
Subjects and methods
Study design
This was a prospective, cross sectional, descriptive study carried out for a period of one year, starting from January 2011, at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Sohag University Hospital, Sohag, Upper Egypt. Sohag University Hospital is a tertiary care referral hospital for patients from hospitals in Sohag and Qena Governorates. Admitted neonates diagnosed with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) were included in the study.
Exclusion criteria
Neonates diagnosed as acyanotic congenital heart disease, other causes of central cyanosis and persistent pulmonary hypertension of neonates (PPHN) were excluded from the study.
Ethical consideration
The protocol of the study was approved by Research...