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Yardnapar Parcharoen [1] and Preecha Termsuksawad [2] and Sirinrath Sirivisoot [3]

Academic Editor: Faheem Ahmed

1, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand, tu.ac.th

2, Division of Materials Technology, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand, kmutt.ac.th

3, Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand, kmutt.ac.th

Received Apr 27, 2017; Accepted Jul 25, 2017

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

1. Introduction

Hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is a mineralogic component of natural bone with a molar calcium to phosphate ratio of 1.67 [1]. Several methods for coating HA onto biomaterial surfaces include plasma spray, microarc oxidation, and electrodeposition. Electrodeposition is an easy method that allows for adjustment of the thickness and porosity of the HA coating, increased corrosion protection, and reduced release of metal ions by changing systemic parameters. HA may be electrodeposited on an anodic-grown titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube array on titanium (Ti), which is widely used in orthopedic implants to form a direct bone-to-metal interface, referred to as osseointegration [2, 3]. TiO2 nanotubes fabricated by anodization are highly ordered and highly adhesive to the substrate due to the intrinsic chemical bonds between the nanotubes and Ti.

Bioactive HA has been widely used as a coating material for dental and orthopedic implants for many years, but by itself, it does not prevent bacterial infection after implantation. Infections associated with surgical implants are generally difficult to be suppressed and may require a longer period of antibiotic therapy and repeated surgical procedures [4]. Antibacterial property of HA coating could be improved by adding other nanomaterials such as graphene oxide.

Graphene oxide (GO) has antibacterial activity that can reduce the risk of bacterial infection. GO nanosheets inhibit bacterial growth [5, 6]. GO coatings also promote osteoblast function and the antibacterial properties of implant materials [3, 6–8]. A hydrothermal synthesized nanocomposite of HA nanorods on GO sheets showed faster adsorption of bovine serum albumin in adsorption-desorption process on its surface [9]. Such nanocomposite was...

              

                  

                              

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