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About the Authors:
Freddie Bailey
Affiliations NTDs, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Karina Mondragon-Shem
Affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Peter Hotez
Affiliation: National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
José Antonio Ruiz-Postigo
Affiliation: World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Waleed Al-Salem
Affiliation: National Centre for Tropical Diseases, Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Álvaro Acosta-Serrano
Affiliations Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2576-7959
David H. Molyneux
* E-mail: [email protected]
Affiliations NTDs, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United KingdomCitation: Bailey F, Mondragon-Shem K, Hotez P, Ruiz-Postigo JA, Al-Salem W, Acosta-Serrano Á, et al. (2017) A new perspective on cutaneous leishmaniasis-Implications for global prevalence and burden of disease estimates. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11(8): e0005739. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005739
Editor: Charles L. Jaffe, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, ISRAEL
Published: August 10, 2017
Copyright: © 2017 Bailey et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: We acknowledge support from Sanofi and the SHEFA Fund. WAS is supported by the Saudi Ministry of Health. KMS is supported by a PhD studentship from the Colombian Department for Science, Technology and Innovation (Colciencias).
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Introduction
This article considers the current public health perspective on cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and its implications for incidence, prevalence, and global burden of disease calculations. CL is the most common form of leishmaniasis and one of a small number of infectious diseases increasing in incidence worldwide [1] due to conflict and environmental factors in the Middle East (“Old World”) and the Americas (“New World”)-regions where it is most prevalent. Recently, the disease has reached hyperendemic levels in the conflict zones of the Syrian Arab Republic, Iraq, and Afghanistan while simultaneously affecting...