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Abstract
Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is uniquely positioned for biomedical applications because of its ability to visualize optical absorption contrast in vivo in three dimensions. Here we propose motionless volumetric spatially invariant resolution photoacoustic microscopy (SIR-PAM). To realize motionless volumetric imaging, SIR-PAM combines two-dimensional Fourier-spectrum optical excitation with single-element depth-resolved photoacoustic detection. To achieve spatially invariant lateral resolution, propagation-invariant sinusoidal fringes are generated by a digital micromirror device. Further, SIR-PAM achieves 1.5 times finer lateral resolution than conventional PAM. The superior performance was demonstrated in imaging both inanimate objects and animals in vivo with a resolution-invariant axial range of 1.8 mm, 33 times the depth of field of the conventional PAM counterpart. Our work opens new perspectives for PAM in biomedical sciences.
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Details

1 Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA; Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
2 Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
3 Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
4 Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA