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Juliana Barcellos de Souza [1; 2] and Eduardo Grossmann [2; 3] and Dirce Maria Navas Perissinotti [2; 4] and Jose Oswaldo de Oliveira Junior [2; 5] and Paulo Renato Barreiros da Fonseca [2; 6] and Irimar de Paula Posso [2; 7]

Academic Editor: Parisa Gazerani

1, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Hospital Universitário, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, ufsc.br

2, Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo da Dor, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, sbed.org.br

3, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, ufrgs.br

4, Equipe de Controle da Dor Disciplina de Anestesiologia Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório Sujeito e Corpo (SUCOR) do Instituto de Psicologia da USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, usp.br

5, Escola de Cancerologia Celestino Bourroul da Fundação Antônio Prudente de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, accamargo.org.br

6, Serviço de Anestesiologia e Clinica de Dor Oncológica do GRUPO COI, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

7, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro de Treinamento de Anestesiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, fmabc.br

Received Apr 10, 2017; Revised Jun 14, 2017; Accepted Aug 8, 2017

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

1. Introduction

Chronic pain is a multidimensional health condition defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) as pain persisting for more than six months [1], although being much more related to peripheral and central nervous system sensitization than to exclusive duration time. Currently, chronic pain is no longer considered just a symptom, but rather a disease, classified as R 52.1 under the wrong name of intractable disease, in the tenth edition of the International Code of Diseases (ICD10). There are some controversial of chronic pain definition as a “medical unexplained pain” supporting pain as a symptom or as a degree of depression, irritability, and anxiety [2], in contrast to chronic pain as a disease or injury related to long-lasting changes on peripheral and central neural responses resulting in sensitization [3].

Chronic pain affects one-third to fifty percent of the population [4]. A multicenter study carried out in 1998 by the World Health Organization (WHO) has shown prevalence of chronic pain in 22%...
 
 
 

 

 
       
       
   
     
 
 
 
 
     
     
 
 
 
 
       
   
     
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 

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