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About the Authors:
Nicholas C. Wu
Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Software, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Affiliation: Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9078-6697
Seth J. Zost
Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
Affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6712-5076
Andrew J. Thompson
Roles Investigation, Writing - review & editing
Affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
David Oyen
Roles Investigation, Writing - review & editing
Affiliation: Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4324-9688
Corwin M. Nycholat
Roles Resources
Affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
Ryan McBride
Roles Resources
Affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8616-1910
James C. Paulson
Roles Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing - review & editing
Affiliations Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
Scott E. Hensley
Roles Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing - review & editing
Affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2928-7506
Ian A. Wilson
Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Resources, Supervision, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
* E-mail: [email protected]
Affiliations Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of AmericaAbstract
The effectiveness of the annual influenza vaccine has declined in recent years, especially for the H3N2 component, and is a concern for global public health. A major cause for this lack in effectiveness has been attributed to the egg-based vaccine production process. Substitutions on the hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) often arise during virus passaging that change its antigenicity and hence vaccine effectiveness. Here, we characterize the effect of a prevalent...