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1. Introduction
Physical activity (PA) is a low-cost, non-pharmacological, but well-documented and the most effective way to maintain good health, self-rated health and prevent development of non-communicable diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases) [1]. Regular physical activity is associated with a number of health benefits, including: a reduced risk of premature mortality (mainly because of cardiovascular diseases), obesity, diabetes [2,3] as well as some kinds of cancer (e.g., breast cancer [4,5], colorectal cancer [6]) and depression [7]. Despite the well-known benefits of physical activity, there is a worldwide trend towards lesser and lesser total daily physical activity. Nowadays, it is estimated that globally, approximately, one third of adult population do not achieve the recommended levels of physical activity [8]. In Europe, the studies reveal that more than one third of adults are insufficiently active [9]. Recent data from the European Union countries (EU) indicate that six in every 10 people above 15 years of age never or seldom exercise or play a sport, and more than one half of them never or seldom engage in any other kinds of physical activity, such as: cycling, dancing or gardening [8]. At the same time, a high proportion of adults in Europe spend more than four hours a day sitting, which could be a contributing factor to a sedentary lifestyle [9]. The level of physical activity is also not satisfactory among Polish population [10]. In 2011 less than one half of adult working population had PA lasting at least 30 min on most days of a week and less than one third of the studying population commuted actively [11]. As a consequence, physical inactivity has become a leading risk factor for ill health. Physical inactivity is estimated as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality, which is responsible for about 3.2 million deaths yearly [12]. In the WHO European Region about 1 million deaths (about 10% of the total) and 8.3 million disability-adjusted life years lost per year are attributable to physical inactivity. Moreover, physical inactivity is estimated to cause 5% of the burden of coronary heart disease, 7% of type 2 diabetes, 9% of breast cancer and 10% of colon cancer [3]. Therefore, the European Union, the United States Department of Health and Human Services and the World...