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Nafi’u Lawal [1; 2] and Mohd Hair-Bejo [1; 3] and Siti Suri Arshad [1] and Abdul Rahman Omar [1; 3] and Aini Ideris [3; 4]

Academic Editor: Subhash C. Verma

1, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, upm.edu.my

2, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (UDUS), 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria, udusok.edu.ng

3, Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, upm.edu.my

4, Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, upm.edu.my

Received May 17, 2017; Revised Aug 7, 2017; Accepted Aug 28, 2017

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

1. Introduction

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a disease of high economic importance that is highly contagious and immunosuppressive affecting young chickens especially between 3 and 6 weeks of age. The etiologic agent, IBD virus (IBDV), is a naked icosahedral virus having segmented double stranded RNA genome belonging to the genus Avibirnavirus, family Birnaviridae [1]. The genome segment A encoding the viral polyprotein has been extensively studied using molecular techniques with the viral outer capsid protein (VP2) identified as the basis for antigenic and pathotypic variation among IBDV strains [2, 3]. It was also reported that specific amino acid changes in the hypervariable region of the VP2 protein determine the cell culture adaptation and attenuation of IBD virus [3]. The wild type IBD virus was reported to be extremely difficult to adapt to cell culture especially the very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) unless passaged few times in chicken embryonated eggs (CEE) [4]. Traditional isolation of IBDV by CAM inoculation of 9- to 11-day-old SPF chicken embryos is expensive coupled with high risk of contamination especially for vaccine development and production [5]. Successful adaptation of IBDV isolates in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF), chicken embryo kidneys, and chicken embryo bursas was reported [6, 7], but the cells being of primary avian origin have limited lifespan, produce low virus titer, and may contain extraneous avian viruses that may contaminate vaccines developed...
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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