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Abstract
We present the charged-particle multiplicity distributions over a wide pseudorapidity range () for pp collisions at , and 8 TeV at the LHC. Results are based on information from the Silicon Pixel Detector and the Forward Multiplicity Detector of ALICE, extending the pseudorapidity coverage of the earlier publications and the high-multiplicity reach. The measurements are compared to results from the CMS experiment and to PYTHIA, PHOJET and EPOS LHC event generators, as well as IP-Glasma calculations.
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Title
Charged-particle multiplicity distributions over a wide pseudorapidity range in proton-proton collisions at s = 0.9, 7, and 8 TeV
Author
Acharya, S 1 ; Adamová, D 2 ; Adolfsson, J 3 ; Aggarwal, M M 4 ; AglieriRinella, G 5 ; Agnello, M 6 ; Agrawal, N 7 ; Ahammed, Z 1 ; Ahmad, N 8 ; Ahn, S U 9 ; Aiola, S 10 ; Akindinov, A 11 ; Alam, S N 1 ; Alba, J L B 12 ; Albuquerque, D S D 13 ; Aleksandrov, D 14 ; Alessandro, B 15 ; AlfaroMolina, R 16 ; Alici, A 17 ; Alkin, A 18 ; Alme, J 19 ; Alt, T 20 ; Altenkamper, L 19 ; Altsybeev, I 21 ; C Alves GarciaPrado 22 ; M An 23 ; Andrei, C 24 ; Andreou, D 5 ; Andrews, H A 25 ; Andronic, A 26 ; Anguelov, V 27 ; Anson, C 28 ; Antičić, T 29 ; Antinori, F 30 ; Antonioli, P 31 ; Anwar, R 32 ; Aphecetche, L 33 ; Appelshäuser, H 20 ; Arcelli, S 34 ; Arnaldi, R 15 ; Arnold, O W 35 ; Arsene, I C 36 ; Arslandok, M 27 ; Audurier, B 33 ; Augustinus, A 5 ; Averbeck, R 26 ; Azmi, M D 8 ; Badalà, A 37 ; Baek, Y W 38 ; Bagnasco, S 15 ; Bailhache, R 20 ; Bala, R 39 ; Baldisseri, A 40 ; Ball, M 41 ; Baral, R C 42 ; Barbano, A M 43 ; Barbera, R 44 ; Barile, F 45 ; Barioglio, L 43 ; Barnaföldi, G G 46 ; Barnby, L S 47 ; Barret, V 48 ; Bartalini, P 23 ; Barth, K 5 ; Bartsch, E 20 ; Basile, M 34 ; Bastid, N 48 ; Basu, S 49 ; Bathen, B 50 ; Batigne, G 33 ; A Batista Camejo 48 ; Batyunya, B 51 ; Batzing, P C 36 ; Bearden, I G 52 ; Beck, H 27 ; Bedda, C 53 ; Behera, N K 54 ; Belikov, I 55 ; Bellini, F 34 ; H Bello Martinez 56 ; Bellwied, R 32 ; Beltran, L G E 57 ; Belyaev, V 58 ; Bencedi, G 46 ; Beole, S 43 ; Bercuci, A 24 ; Berdnikov, Y 59 ; D Berenyi 46 ; Bertens, R A 60 ; Berzano, D 5 ; Betev, L 5 ; Bhasin, A 39 ; Bhat, I R 39 ; Bhati, A K 4 ; Bhattacharjee, B 61 ; Bhom, J 62 ; Bianchi, L 32 ; Bianchi, N 63 ; Bianchin, C 64 ; Bielčík, J 65 ; Bielčíková, J 2 ; Bilandzic, A 35 ; Biswas, R 66 ; Biswas, S 66 ; Blair, J T 67 ; Blau, D 14 ; Blume, C 20 ; Boca, G 68 ; Bock, F 69 ; Bogdanov, A 58 ; Boldizsár, L 46 ; Bombara, M 70 ; Bonomi, G 71 ; Bonora, M 5 ; Book, J 20 ; Borel, H 40 ; Borissov, A 72 ; Borri, M 73 ; Botta, E 43 ; Bourjau, C 52 ; Braun-Munzinger, P 26 ; Bregant, M 22 ; Broker, T A 20 ; Browning, T A 74 ; 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1 Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India
2 Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic
3 Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
4 Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
5 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
6 Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
7 Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
8 Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
9 Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea
10 Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
11 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
12 Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
13 Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
14 National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
15 INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
16 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
17 Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi’, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
18 Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine
19 Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
20 Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
21 V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
22 Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
23 Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
24 National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
25 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
26 Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
27 Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
28 Physics Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
29 Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
30 INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padua, Italy
31 INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
32 University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
33 SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
34 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
35 Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
36 Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
37 INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
38 Inha University, Incheon, South Korea; Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
39 Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
40 IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
41 Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
42 Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India
43 Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
44 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
45 Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
46 Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
47 Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, UK; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
48 Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
49 Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
50 Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
51 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia
52 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
53 Institute for Subatomic Physics of Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
54 Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
55 Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
56 Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
57 Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
58 Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia
59 Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia
60 University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
61 Department of Physics, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
62 The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
63 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
64 Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
65 Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
66 Department of Physics, Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
67 Physics Department, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
68 Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
69 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
70 Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Kosice, Slovakia
71 Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
72 Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
73 University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
74 Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
75 Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
76 Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
77 Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia
78 Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria
79 University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
80 iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
81 COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan
82 Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
83 Technical University of Košice, Kosice, Slovakia
84 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Nikhef, Nationaal instituut voor subatomaire fysica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
85 Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
86 Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi’, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
87 Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy; INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
88 Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba
89 University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
90 Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IPN-Lyon, Lyon, France
91 Nikhef, Nationaal instituut voor subatomaire fysica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
92 INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
93 Physics Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
94 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
95 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
96 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
97 Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
98 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
99 Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica dell’Università del Piemonte Orientale and INFN Sezione di Torino, Alessandria, Italy
100 Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
101 Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
102 Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
103 Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
104 National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India
105 Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India; Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
106 Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
107 INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
108 Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
109 Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
110 Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi’, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
111 Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
112 National Centre for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland
113 Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
114 Institut für Informatik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
115 Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
116 SSC IHEP of NRC Kurchatov institute, Protvino, Russia
117 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
118 Departamento de Física de Partículas and IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
119 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Padua, Italy
120 IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France; Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
121 Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
122 INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
123 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Physics Department, Athens, Greece, Athens, Greece
124 Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, USA
125 Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
126 Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
127 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy; Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
128 Technical University of Split FESB, Split, Croatia
129 Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
130 A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia
131 University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
132 Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan; University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
133 Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi’, Rome, Italy; INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
134 Faculty of Engineering, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway
135 Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mérida, Mexico
136 Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
137 Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
138 Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
139 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France; University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
140 Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
141 Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia; National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
142 Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
143 Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
144 Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
145 KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
146 Zentrum für Technologietransfer und Telekommunikation (ZTT), Fachhochschule Worms, Worms, Germany
147 Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
148 California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
149 Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
150 Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
151 Faculty of Technology, Buskerud and Vestfold University College, Tonsberg, Norway
152 Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
153 Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, UK
154 China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
155 iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
156 The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland; University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
157 INFN, Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
158 Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università ‘La Sapienza’ and Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy
159 Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
160 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia
161 Department of Physics, Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Bose Institute, Kolkata, India; Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India
162 Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
163 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
164 Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
165 Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
166 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
167 Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
168 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
169 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy
170 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
171 National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azerbaijan
172 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy; University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
173 Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia; Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia
174 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France; Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
175 Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia; Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
176 Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
177 Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
178 Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
179 Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba; Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
180 Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
181 Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia; Technical University of Košice, Kosice, Slovakia
182 Centre de Calcul de l’IN2P3, Lyon, France
183 University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
184 Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
185 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
186 Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
187 INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy; Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
188 Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China; Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
189 Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China; Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
190 Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China; SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
191 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
1 Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India
2 Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic
3 Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
4 Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
5 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
6 Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
7 Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
8 Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
9 Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea
10 Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
11 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
12 Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
13 Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
14 National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
15 INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
16 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
17 Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi’, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
18 Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine
19 Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
20 Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
21 V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
22 Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
23 Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
24 National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
25 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
26 Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
27 Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
28 Physics Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
29 Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
30 INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padua, Italy
31 INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
32 University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
33 SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
34 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
35 Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
36 Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
37 INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
38 Inha University, Incheon, South Korea; Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
39 Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
40 IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
41 Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
42 Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India
43 Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
44 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
45 Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
46 Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
47 Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, UK; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
48 Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
49 Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
50 Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
51 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia
52 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
53 Institute for Subatomic Physics of Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
54 Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
55 Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
56 Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
57 Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
58 Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia
59 Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia
60 University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
61 Department of Physics, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
62 The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
63 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
64 Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
65 Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
66 Department of Physics, Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
67 Physics Department, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
68 Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
69 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
70 Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Kosice, Slovakia
71 Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
72 Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
73 University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
74 Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
75 Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
76 Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
77 Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia
78 Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria
79 University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
80 iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
81 COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan
82 Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
83 Technical University of Košice, Kosice, Slovakia
84 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Nikhef, Nationaal instituut voor subatomaire fysica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
85 Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
86 Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi’, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
87 Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy; INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
88 Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba
89 University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
90 Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IPN-Lyon, Lyon, France
91 Nikhef, Nationaal instituut voor subatomaire fysica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
92 INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
93 Physics Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
94 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
95 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
96 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
97 Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
98 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
99 Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica dell’Università del Piemonte Orientale and INFN Sezione di Torino, Alessandria, Italy
100 Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
101 Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
102 Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
103 Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
104 National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India
105 Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India; Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
106 Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
107 INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
108 Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
109 Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
110 Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi’, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
111 Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
112 National Centre for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland
113 Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
114 Institut für Informatik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
115 Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
116 SSC IHEP of NRC Kurchatov institute, Protvino, Russia
117 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
118 Departamento de Física de Partículas and IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
119 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Padua, Italy
120 IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France; Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
121 Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
122 INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
123 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Physics Department, Athens, Greece, Athens, Greece
124 Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, USA
125 Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
126 Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
127 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy; Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
128 Technical University of Split FESB, Split, Croatia
129 Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
130 A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia
131 University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
132 Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan; University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
133 Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi’, Rome, Italy; INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
134 Faculty of Engineering, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway
135 Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mérida, Mexico
136 Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
137 Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
138 Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
139 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France; University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
140 Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
141 Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia; National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
142 Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
143 Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
144 Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
145 KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
146 Zentrum für Technologietransfer und Telekommunikation (ZTT), Fachhochschule Worms, Worms, Germany
147 Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
148 California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
149 Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
150 Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
151 Faculty of Technology, Buskerud and Vestfold University College, Tonsberg, Norway
152 Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
153 Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, UK
154 China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
155 iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
156 The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland; University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
157 INFN, Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
158 Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università ‘La Sapienza’ and Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy
159 Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
160 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia
161 Department of Physics, Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Bose Institute, Kolkata, India; Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India
162 Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
163 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
164 Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
165 Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
166 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
167 Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
168 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
169 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy
170 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
171 National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azerbaijan
172 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy; University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
173 Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia; Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia
174 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France; Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
175 Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia; Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
176 Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
177 Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
178 Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
179 Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba; Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
180 Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
181 Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia; Technical University of Košice, Kosice, Slovakia
182 Centre de Calcul de l’IN2P3, Lyon, France
183 University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
184 Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
185 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
186 Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
187 INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy; Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
188 Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China; Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
189 Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China; Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
190 Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China; SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
191 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
Pages
1-23
Publication year
2017
Publication date
Dec 2017
ISSN
14346044
e-ISSN
14346052
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
1974706399
Copyright
The European Physical Journal C is a copyright of Springer, (2017). All Rights Reserved.