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Abstract
We evaluated the performance of the MinION DNA sequencer in-flight on the International Space Station (ISS), and benchmarked its performance off-Earth against the MinION, Illumina MiSeq, and PacBio RS II sequencing platforms in terrestrial laboratories. Samples contained equimolar mixtures of genomic DNA from lambda bacteriophage, Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655) and Mus musculus (female BALB/c mouse). Nine sequencing runs were performed aboard the ISS over a 6-month period, yielding a total of 276,882 reads with no apparent decrease in performance over time. From sequence data collected aboard the ISS, we constructed directed assemblies of the ~4.6 Mb E. coli genome, ~48.5 kb lambda genome, and a representative M. musculus sequence (the ~16.3 kb mitochondrial genome), at 100%, 100%, and 96.7% consensus pairwise identity, respectively; de novo assembly of the E. coli genome from raw reads yielded a single contig comprising 99.9% of the genome at 98.6% consensus pairwise identity. Simulated real-time analyses of in-flight sequence data using an automated bioinformatic pipeline and laptop-based genomic assembly demonstrated the feasibility of sequencing analysis and microbial identification aboard the ISS. These findings illustrate the potential for sequencing applications including disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and elucidating the molecular basis for how organisms respond to spaceflight.
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1 Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
3 NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
4 JES Tech, Houston, TX, United States
5 Astronaut Office, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
6 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
7 Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
8 Exploration Systems Projects Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
9 Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States
10 Formerly JES Tech, Houston, TX, United States
11 Applied Engineering and Technology Directorate, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
12 Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Oxford, UK
13 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
14 Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States