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About the Authors:
Showgy Y. Ma’ayeh
Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft
Affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Uppsala, Sweden
Jingyi Liu
Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing - original draft
Affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Uppsala, Sweden
Dimitra Peirasmaki
Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Validation
Affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Uppsala, Sweden
Katarina Hörnaeus
Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Validation, Writing - original draft
Affiliation: Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Sara Bergström Lind
Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology
Affiliation: Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Manfred Grabherr
Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing - original draft
Affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemsitry and Microbiology, BMC, Uppsala, Sweden
Jonas Bergquist
Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology
Affiliation: Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Staffan G. Svärd
Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing - original draft
* E-mail: [email protected]
Affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Uppsala, Sweden
ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7392-1746Abstract
Background
Giardia intestinalis is a non-invasive protozoan parasite that causes giardiasis in humans, the most common form of parasite-induced diarrhea. Disease mechanisms are not completely defined and very few virulence factors are known.
Methodology
To identify putative virulence factors and elucidate mechanistic pathways leading to disease, we have used proteomics to identify the major excretory-secretory products (ESPs) when Giardia trophozoites of WB and GS isolates (assemblages A and B, respectively) interact with intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in vitro.
Findings
The main parts of the IEC and parasite secretomes are constitutively released proteins, the majority of which are associated with metabolism but several proteins are released in response to their interaction (87 and 41 WB and GS proteins, respectively, 76 and 45 human proteins in response to the respective isolates). In parasitized IECs, the secretome profile indicated effects on the cell actin cytoskeleton and the induction of immune responses whereas that of Giardia showed anti-oxidation, proteolysis (protease-associated) and induction of encystation responses. The Giardia secretome also contained immunodominant and glycosylated proteins as well as...