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Abstract
Observations and model experiments highlight the importance of ocean heat in forcing ice sheet retreat during the present and geological past, but past ocean temperature data are virtually missing in ice sheet proximal locations. Here we document paleoceanographic conditions and the (in)stability of the Wilkes Land subglacial basin (East Antarctica) during the mid-Miocene (~17–13.4 million years ago) by studying sediment cores from offshore Adélie Coast. Inland retreat of the ice sheet, temperate vegetation, and warm oligotrophic waters characterise the mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO; 17–14.8 Ma). After the MCO, expansion of a marine-based ice sheet occurs, but remains sensitive to melting upon episodic warm water incursions. Our results suggest that the mid-Miocene latitudinal temperature gradient across the Southern Ocean never resembled that of the present day. We demonstrate that a strong coupling of oceanic climate and Antarctic continental conditions existed and that the East Antarctic subglacial basins were highly sensitive to ocean warming.
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1 Department of Earth Sciences, Marine Palynology and Paleoceanography, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
2 Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
3 Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
4 NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research, Landsdiep 4, 1797 SZt Horntje, Texel, The Netherlands; Department of Earth Sciences, Organic Geochemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
5 Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
6 Paleoenvironmental Dynamics Group, Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
7 Imperial College London, Department of Earth Science and Engineering, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
8 Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton, UK
9 Department of Paleontology, GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
10 International Ocean Discovery Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
11 Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-University of Granada, Armilla (Granada), Spain
12 Department of Earth Sciences, Marine Palynology and Paleoceanography, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research, Landsdiep 4, 1797 SZt Horntje, Texel, The Netherlands