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Abstract
Double neutron star (DNS) merger events are promising candidates of short gamma-ray burst (sGRB) progenitors as well as high-frequency gravitational wave (GW) emitters. On August 17, 2017, such a coinciding event was detected by both the LIGO-Virgo gravitational wave detector network as GW170817 and Gamma-Ray Monitor on board NASA’s Fermi Space Telescope as GRB 170817A. Here, we show that the fluence and spectral peak energy of this sGRB fall into the lower portion of the distributions of known sGRBs. Its peak isotropic luminosity is abnormally low. The estimated event rate density above this luminosity is at least \[190_{ - 160}^{ + 440}\] Gpc−3 yr−1, which is close to but still below the DNS merger event rate density. This event likely originates from a structured jet viewed from a large viewing angle. There are similar faint soft GRBs in the Fermi archival data, a small fraction of which might belong to this new population of nearby, low-luminosity sGRBs.
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1 School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain; Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nanjing University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA; Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China; Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing, China
3 National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
4 School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
5 Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
6 Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing, China
7 Department of Space Sciences and Astronomy, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China; Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
8 Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
9 Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
10 Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
11 Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; School of Astronomy and Space Science, , University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
12 School of Physics and Electronics Information, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, China
13 Gran Sasso Science Institute (INFN), LAquila, Italy; INFN - Sezione di Pisa Edificio C, Pisa, Italy
14 Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain; Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática, Escuela de Ingenierías, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
15 Department of Space Sciences and Astronomy, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China