Abstract

Battery function is determined by the efficiency and reversibility of the electrochemical phase transformations at solid electrodes. The microscopic tools available to study the chemical states of matter with the required spatial resolution and chemical specificity are intrinsically limited when studying complex architectures by their reliance on two-dimensional projections of thick material. Here, we report the development of soft X-ray ptychographic tomography, which resolves chemical states in three dimensions at 11 nm spatial resolution. We study an ensemble of nano-plates of lithium iron phosphate extracted from a battery electrode at 50% state of charge. Using a set of nanoscale tomograms, we quantify the electrochemical state and resolve phase boundaries throughout the volume of individual nanoparticles. These observations reveal multiple reaction points, intra-particle heterogeneity, and size effects that highlight the importance of multi-dimensional analytical tools in providing novel insight to the design of the next generation of high-performance devices.

Details

Title
Three-dimensional localization of nanoscale battery reactions using soft X-ray tomography
Author
Young-Sang, Yu 1 ; Farmand, Maryam 2 ; Kim, Chunjoong 3 ; Liu, Yijin 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Grey, Clare P 5 ; Strobridge, Fiona C 6 ; Tyliszczak, Tolek 2 ; Celestre, Rich 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Denes, Peter 2 ; Joseph, John 7 ; Krishnan, Harinarayan 8   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Filipe R N C Maia 9 ; Kilcoyne, A L David 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Marchesini, Stefano 2 ; Talita Perciano Costa Leite 8   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Warwick, Tony 2 ; Padmore, Howard 2 ; Cabana, Jordi 10   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Shapiro, David A 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA 
 Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA 
 Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Chungnam, South Korea 
 Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA 
 Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA 
 Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 
 Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA 
 Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA 
 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden 
10  Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA 
Pages
1-7
Publication year
2018
Publication date
Mar 2018
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
e-ISSN
20411723
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2009878009
Copyright
© 2018. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.