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Abstract
General patients characteristics are summarized in [Table 1], in which is obvious that all of them had an advanced disease stage at presentation.[...]when CNS infiltration in CLL patients was diagnosed, CSF biochemistry and microbiology showed normal findings, despite of the presence of CLL neoplastic cells (3%-17%) in CSF detected by CSF-FCI [Figure 1].Some systemic chemotherapy regimens such as fludarabine, cycplophosphamide, or bendamustine, combined with rituximab with/without intrathecal therapy significantly improved clinical course, especially high effective bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor-ibrutinib.[2] In view of the poor prognosis in these patients, prompt recognition of even a slight occurrence of neurological symptoms in CLL is an imperative for appropriate diagnosis of CNS involvement, whereas the implementation of CSF-FCI as a routine diagnostic tool may be of a great importance, due to its high sensitivity.