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Abstract
Soil reinforcement with inclusion has been used since the dawn of time, however, decisive progress in this area dates back only a few decades, When the techniques of soil reinforcement are passed to an industrial development with metallic inclusions then geosynthetic and for applications as well in embankments as in cuttings. Reinforced earth is one of the most used methods for soil strengthening. It is a relatively recent technique whose principle consists in associating with a cohesionless soil tensile reinforcements, which thus give the material an anisotropic cohesion in the direction of the reinforcements. Among the areas where the reinforced earth is currently experiencing a remarkable expansion, railway infrastructure, traditional means for the transport of passengers and goods, and which has never ceased to be the subject of technical progress. This progress based for a long time on the empiricism, allowed the progressive increase, as well speeds as tonnage by axle. However, the railway remains a privileged place of deformation under the effect of the repetitive application of loads. These deformations are largely related to the problem of ballast settlement, a problem whose causes are diverse and that we will try to study in the laboratory on a physical model in real size. The present work consists in experimentally analyzing the load-settlement relationships that exist during the introduction of stainless steel reinforcement into an unstable rail ballast under static vertical loading and to establish the conditions that lead to the reduction of recorded settlements in order to improve the stability of railway sleepers.
Le renforcement des sols à l’aide d’inclusion a été utilisé depuis l’aube du temps cependant, les progrès décisifs dans ce domaine ne datent que de quelques dizaines d’années, lorsque les techniques de renforcement des sols sont passées à un développement industriel avec des inclusions métalliques puis géosynthètiques et à des applications aussi bien en remblais qu’en déblais. La terre armée est l’un des procédés les plus utilisés pour le renforcement des sols. C’est une technique relativement récente dont le principe consiste à associer à un sol pulvérulent des armatures résistantes à la traction, qui confèrent ainsi au matériau une cohésion anisotrope, dans la direction des armatures. Parmi les domaines où la terre armée connaît actuellement une remarquable expansion, les infrastructures des chemins de fer, moyen traditionnel pour le transport des voyageurs et des marchandises, et qui n’a jamais cessé d’être l’objet de progrès techniques. Ce progrès basé longtemps sur l’empirisme, a permis l’augmentation progressive, tant des vitesses que du tonnage par essieu. Cependant, la voie ferrée reste un siège privilégié de déformations sous l’effet de l’application répétitive des charges. Ces déformations sont liées en grande partie au problème de tassement du ballast, un problème dont les causes sont diverses et qu’on va essayer de l’étudier en laboratoire sur un modèle physique en grandeur réelle. Le présent travail consiste à analyser par voie expérimentale, les relations charge-tassement qui existent lors d’une introduction des armatures inoxydable dans un ballast ferroviaire instable sous chargement vertical statique et d’établir les conditions qui mènent à la réduction des tassements enregistrés afin d’améliorer la stabilité des traverses ferroviaires.
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