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Abstract
The chemical weed control in sugarcane during the wet season is more effective than the control carried out during the dry season. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides in the rainy season and in the dry season in sugarcane crop, and in different soil textural classes. The experiments simulated dry season and rainy season basing on periods of days in which experiment was submitted to irrigation restriction. In each experiment, it was tested 50 and 100% of the dose of the main herbicides commonly used in sugarcane to control B. decumbens, B. plantaginea, P. maximum and D. horizontalis. In general, in dry conditions, as well as varying the soil texture, there are restrictions in the choice of herbicide to be used due to the reduced effectiveness of some treatments in certain situations. In the very-clayey soil, especially in the dry season, the efficacy of herbicides is better, whereas, for the sandy-clay-loam soil in dry conditions, the effectiveness of herbicides is restricted. Thus, this study, despite the great complexity of the variables to be analyzed, permitted to establish guidelines for decision making on the most appropriate herbicide to be applied in each studied condition, in order to control these weed species.
Keywords: Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria plantaginea, Digitaria horizonthalis, Panicum maximum, pre-emergence
Introduction
The area under sugarcane crop in Brazil exceeded 9 million hectares and total production was 630 million tons in the 2014/2015 harvest (Conab, 2015). In some regions of Brazil, sugarcane is harvested during the driest period of the year, when there is less rainfall and, consequently, less availability of water in the soil. In the sugar-alcohol industry, this period is commonly called the "dry season" (Azania et al., 2006).
The chemical control of weeds in sugarcane carried out in the rainy seasons is more effective when compared to control carried out in the drier seasons, since soil moisture and intense weed metabolism favor the absorption of most of the applied herbicides (Azania et al., 2009). However, due to the extensive harvesting period and the need for control to be carried out at the beginning of the sugarcane growth period, the applications in the dry season are fundamental for maintaining sugarcane yield.
The herbicides amicarbazone, [diuron +...