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About the Authors:
Ben Longdon
Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft
* E-mail: [email protected]
Affiliations Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, United Kingdom, Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6936-1697
Jonathan P. Day
Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing - review & editing
Affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Joel M. Alves
Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Writing - review & editing
Affiliations Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6138-9134
Sophia C. L. Smith
Roles Investigation, Writing - review & editing
Affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Thomas M. Houslay
Roles Investigation, Writing - review & editing
Affiliation: Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, United Kingdom
John E. McGonigle
Roles Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing - review & editing
Affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8390-2867
Lucia Tagliaferri
Roles Investigation, Writing - review & editing
Affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Francis M. Jiggins
Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft
Affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7470-8157Abstract
Host shifts, where a pathogen invades and establishes in a new host species, are a major source of emerging infectious diseases. They frequently occur between related host species and often rely on the pathogen evolving adaptations that increase their fitness in the novel host species. To investigate genetic changes in novel hosts, we experimentally evolved replicate lineages of an RNA virus (Drosophila C Virus) in 19 different species of Drosophilidae and deep sequenced the viral genomes. We found a strong pattern of parallel evolution, where viral lineages from the same host were genetically more similar to each other than to lineages from other host species. When we compared viruses that had evolved in different host species, we found that parallel genetic changes were more likely...