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Summary
The presence of Zaprionus indianus, Drosophila suzukii, and Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Nezahualcóyotl var. fig fruits is reported in commercial greenhouse plantations in the state of Morelos, Mexico. The area planted with fig has been increasing in this region, due to the opening of new markets; therefore, these pests represent a phytosanitary problem for the crop. The adults of Z. indianus emerged from ripe and overripe fig fruits, whereas the other 2 species only from overripe fruits.
Key words: African fig fly; spotted wing drosophila; vinegar fly; Ficus carica
Sumario
En el presente estudio, se reporta la presencia de Zaprionus indianus, Drosophila suzukii y Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) en frutos de higo variedad Nezahualcóyotl en plantaciones comerciales cultivadas en invernadero, en el estado de Morelos, México. La superficie sembrada de higo se ha incrementado en esta región debido a la apertura de nuevos mercados, por lo que estas plagas representan un problema fitosanitario para el cultivo. Los adultos de Z. indianus emergieron de frutos de higo en varios estados de madurez y las otras 2 especies únicamente de frutos sobremaduros.
Palabras Clave: Mosca africana del higo; mosca del vinagre de alas manchadas; mosca del vinagre; Ficus carica
In Mexico, figs (Ficus carica L.; Moracea) traditionally have been produced mostly in family gardens for home consumption, with negligible commercialization of fig production (Macías-Rodríguez et al. 2015). Today, demand for this fruit has increased, particularly because of the proximity of foreign markets such as the United States and Canada, causing an increase in the area of fig cultivation. According to the Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación (SAGARPA) (2015), the principal fig-growing states are Morelos, Baja California Sur, Puebla, and Hidalgo, which produce an estimated 6,000 tons, with a production value of about 48.8 million pesos (US $2.6 million).
In the state of Morelos, the variety Netzahualcoyotl has become important for growers because of its parthenocarpic fruits, which do not need pollinating insects, and it is cultivated intensively in greenhouses. One of the advantages of this production system is the decrease of insect pest attack on the crop, resulting in lower management costs. However, fig growers in the state of Morelos report premature fruit rotting that has increased over time.
Because...