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Abstract
O desenvolvimento do repertório de habilidades sociais de crianças, incluindo-se neste a classe de comportamentos empáticos, pode ser influenciado por diferentes fatores socioculturais que interagem com características individuais. Considerando essa questão, o presente estudo teve por objetivos: (a) verificar diferenças e semelhanças no repertório de empatia de crianças cegas e videntes; (b) verificar se há influência das variáveis sociodemográficas sobre o repertório empático de crianças cegas e videntes. Participaram 16 crianças cegas e 16 videntes, matriculadas em escolas regulares, com idade entre sete e 10 anos, seus pais e professores. Utilizou-se, na coleta de dados, o Questionário de Avaliação dos Indicadores Comportamentais de Empatia das Crianças (respondido pelos pais e professores); o Sistema de Avaliação de Habilidades Sociais (SSRS-BR); um roteiro de observação do comportamento empático em situação estruturada; um protocolo de observação molar e molecular dos comportamentos empáticos. Os dados mostraram que, quanto o repertório empático, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as crianças cegas e videntes e que esse resultado não foi afetado pelas variáveis sociodemográficas focalizadas nesse estudo. Conclui-se, portanto, que a ausência da visão não comprometeu o desenvolvimento de empatia pelas crianças cegas e que os resultados encontrados estão de acordo com a literatura da área.
The development of the social skills repertoire in children, including empathic behaviors may be influenced by different cultural/social factors that interact with individual characteristics. Considering this question, the present study aimed to: (a) verify differences and similarities in the repertoire of empathy in blind and sighted children and (b) identify a possible influence of the socio-demographic variables on the empathic repertoire of blind and sighted children. Participants included 16 blind children and 16 sighted, attending regular schools, aged between seven and 10, along with their parents and teachers. Data was collected through the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of the Empathy Behavioral Indicators of Children (answered by the parents and teachers); the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS-BR); a script for the observation of the empathic behavior in structured situations; a protocol of molar and molecular observation of the empathic behaviors. Data indicated that, in relation to the empathic repertoire, there was no statistically significant difference between blind and sighted children and that this result was not affected by the socio-demographic variables measured in this study. Therefore, the lack of the sight did not compromise the development of empathy of blind children. The current findings are in accordance with the literature.
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