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Abstract
O presente estudo verificou a formação de classes de estímulos funcionalmente equivalentes e learning set a partir de treinos de discriminações simples simultâneas e repetidas reversões nas funções dos estímulos, com uso de reforçadores diferentes e específicos para cada classe. Os sujeitos foram três cães sem raça definida. Nas tentativas de teste foram encontradas, em média, porcentagens de acertos de 93,6. Esses dados somados aos resultados das primeiras tentativas de apresentação de cada par de estímulos atestaram a reversão instantânea das funções de estímulos, ambos indicando a formação de classes funcionalmente equivalentes. Os dados de learning set não foram conclusivos a respeito da progressão na eficiência dos desempenhos nas reversões, possivelmente, por influência da preferência diferencial dos cães pelos reforçadores específicos utilizados em cada classe. O procedimento parece adequado e econômico para as investigações na área de comportamento simbólico em animais não humanos.
This study attempted to verify the establishment of functional classes and learning set in dogs through a simple discrimination procedure with repeated reversals that included specific reinforcers for each stimulus class. Two stimuli were presented in each trial and the subject had to choose one of them by jumping in its direction. After being training in such procedure, three dogs responded correctly in more than 90% of the test trials. These performances and analysis of the first responses in the test sessions provided evidences of the establishment of functional stimulus classes. Data from the repeated reversals training did not provided evidences of the establishment of a learning set by the dogs. The discussion examines whether the non-establishment of a learning set could be influenced by preferences for specific reinforcers. The procedure seems adequate and economical in investigations on symbolic potential of nonhuman animals.
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