Multiobjective Optimization for a Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Distribution on Shaped-Bounded Areas

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1. Introduction

Nowadays, it is well known that the distribution of sensors in a wireless ad hoc sensor network (WAHSN) is a challenge in the research of wireless communications, because it is necessary to increase both lifetime and coverage area demand of the network. Furthermore, it is required to avoid a weak connectivity.

A WAHSN contains a number of geographically dispersed mobile sensors. Each sensor node has wireless communication, collaborative signal processing, and network capabilities subject to some technical constraints. The mobile sensor nodes are free to move and self-organize in an arbitrary way while the communication is made via radio transceivers. Therefore, a WAHSN is able to determine the value of different parameters such as temperature and geographic coordinates of a given location, detect the occurrence of events, classify a detected object, and track an object. In consequence, it is necessary that the required data be disseminated to the proper end users [1, 2]. It is important to remark that wireless sensor networks (WSN) are a type of ad hoc network composed of a large number of sensor nodes, which are densely deployed either inside the sense perception area or very close to it. The nodes are not connected to each other. Basically, they are stationary or at most slowly moving [1]. In contrast, a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an autonomous collection of mobile users connected by one to one wireless links. The MANETs topology may change continuously in an unpredictably way over time. The mobile nodes in MANETs can renew, replace, or recharge their batteries or source of energy. Although WAHSNs, WSNs, and MANETs involve multihop communications, many end-to-end routing schemes proposed for MANETs are inappropriate for WAHSN and WSNs for the previously mentioned reasons [3]. Nevertheless, sensor distribution schemes between WAHSNs and MANETs can be compared. A key factor that distinguishes the WAHSNs from MANETs is that the end goal is detection and estimation of some events of interest and not just communication [1, 2].

In spite of the fact that our work is applicable to WAHSNs, MANETs, and also...

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