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Abstract
Dans cette étude préalable à une description plus générale des exclamatives en à quel point (AQP), nous examinons les distributions des SP à un point X (AUPX) comportant un déterminant indéfini. Ces derniers doivent sous-tendre AQP exclamatif (et interrogatif) selon une hypothèse présuppositionelle sur les phrases interrogatives et exclamatives mettant en jeu un élément Qu- (cf. Michaelis & Lambrecht). Nous démontrons que, contrairement à la distribution générale de quel, AQP ne possède que l’emploi exclamatif indirect, excluant l’exclamatif direct et les interrogatifs direct et indirect, ce qui va à l’encontre du jugement d’acceptabilité de linguistes comme J.-C. Milner. Les syntagmes AUPX reliés au syntagme AQP expriment exclusivement le haut degré, en raison 1) du sens lexical de « seuil/limite » que le nom point y revêt et 2) d’un paradigme de modifieurs qui exclut une variation libre, condition préalable de la question en quel. Ils peuvent être considérés comme une construction. Ces modifieurs (adjectif ou relatif), en distribution complémentaire avec une forte intonation exclamative, décrivent l’incrédulité ou l’indicibilité du locuteur, traduisant son appréciation subjective vis-à-vis du haut degré. Ils constituent souvent le prédicat principal d’une exclamative indirecte. AQP n’est alors qu’une variante syntaxique subordonnée d’AUPX.
à un point X construction in relation to à quel point exclamation. In this study meant to be a preliminary to a larger one on French exclamative sentences with à quel point (AQP), we will analyse the distributions of PPs à un point X (AUPX), which have an indefinite determiner inside them. In effect, these expressions are supposed to underlie an exclamative (or interrogative) AQP according to a presuppositional hypothesis on exclamative or interrogative wh-sentences (cf. Michaelis & Lambrecht). We will demonstrate that contrary to general distribution of quel, AQP possesses only an indirect exclamative use, excluding direct exclamative, direct and indirect interrogative uses, which contradicts the acceptability judgements given by linguists like J.-C. Milner. AUPX expressions linked to AQP receive, indeed, an interpretation of high degree because of 1) the lexical meaning of “limit/threshold” the noun point takes on in these expressions and of 2) the limitation imposed on the paradigm of modifieurs, which excludes a free variation, prerequisite for quel interrogatives. They can thus be considered a construction. The modifiers (adjective or relative), in complementary distribution to an exclamative intonation, describe the incredulity or unspeakability of the speaker, translating his/her subjective evaluation visa-vis of the high degree. This type of modifier is the one which functions as the main predicate in an indirect exclamative sentence. AQP is simply a subordinate variant of AUPX.
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