Faunal activity rhythms influencing early community succession of an implanted whale carcass offshore Sagami Bay, Japan

Abstract

Benthic community succession patterns at whale falls have been previously established by means of punctual submersible and ROV observations. The contribution of faunal activity rhythms in response to internal tides and photoperiod cues to that community succession dynamism has never been evaluated. Here, we present results from a high-frequency monitoring experiment of an implanted sperm whale carcass in the continental slope (500 m depth) offshore Sagami Bay, Japan. The benthic community succession was monitored at a high frequency in a prolonged fashion (i.e. 2-h intervals for 2.5 months) with a seafloor lander equipped with a time-lapse video camera and an acoustic Doppler profiler to concomitantly study current flow dynamics. We reported here for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the occurrence of strong 24-h day-night driven behavioral rhythms of the most abundant species (Simenchelys parasitica; Macrocheira kaempferi, and Pterothrissus gissu). Those rhythms were detected in detriment of tidally-controlled ones. Evidence of a diel temporal niche portioning between scavengers and predators avoiding co-occurrence at the carcass, is also provided. The high-frequency photographic and oceanographic data acquisition also helped to precisely discriminate the transition timing between the successional stages previously described for whale falls’ attendant communities.