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Abstract
Electronegative L5 low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level may be a useful biomarker for predicting cardiovascular disease. We determined the range of plasma L5 levels in healthy adults (n = 35) and examined the power of L5 levels to differentiate patients with coronary artery disease (CAD; n = 40) or patients with hyperlipidemia (HLP) without evidence of CAD (n = 35) from healthy adults. The percent L5 in total LDL (L5%) was quantified by using fast-protein liquid chromatography with an anion-exchange column. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine cut-off values for L5 levels. The mean L5% and plasma concentration of L5 (ie, [L5]) were significantly higher in patients with HLP or CAD than in healthy adults (P < 0.001). The ranges of L5% and [L5] in healthy adults were determined to be <1.6% and <1.7 mg/dL, respectively. In individuals with L5% >1.6%, the odds ratio was 9.636 for HLP or CAD. In individuals with [L5] >1.7 mg/dL, the odds ratio was 17.684 for HLP or CAD. The power of L5% or [L5] to differentiate patients with HLP or CAD from healthy adults was superior to that of the LDL/high-density lipoprotein ratio. The ranges of L5% and [L5] in healthy adults determined here may be clinically useful in preventing and treating cardiovascular disease.
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1 Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Lipid Biosciences, KMU Hospital, KMU, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, KMU Hospital, KMU, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
2 Center for Lipid Biosciences, KMU Hospital, KMU, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
3 Center for Lipid Biosciences, KMU Hospital, KMU, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
4 Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
5 Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, KMU Hospital, KMU, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
6 Center for Lipid Biosciences, KMU Hospital, KMU, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, KMU Hospital, KMU, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
7 Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, KMU, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
8 Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung, Taiwan
9 Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
10 Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
11 Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Lipid Biosciences, KMU Hospital, KMU, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, KMU Hospital, KMU, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; New York Heart Research Foundation, Mineola, NY, USA
12 Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Lipid Biosciences, KMU Hospital, KMU, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, KMU Hospital, KMU, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, KMU, Kaohsiung, Taiwan