Innovative drugs, chemicals, and enzymes within the animal production chain

Abstract

The inclusion of both compounds in low concentrations protected Artemia from the V. harveyi strain BB120 and V. campbellii strain LMG21363 in a concentration-dependent manner. [...]V. harveyi, the pathogen responsible for vibriosis outbreaks in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (giant freshwater prawn), was targeted recently with three quorum-sensing disruptors including cinnamaldehyde, (Z-)-4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)-2(5H)-furanone and (Z)-4-((5-(bromomethylene)-2-oxo-2,5-dihydrothiophen-3-yl)metoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid [19]. [...]the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammation properties of certain phytochemicals add a beneficial synergistic effect to their antimicrobial capabilities which might aid in addressing some pathophysiological factors/environmental stressors important within the animal production environment [84]. Following a tight ionic association between the positively charged quaternary-nitrogen in QAC and the negatively charged phosphate groups in membrane phospholipids, the hydrophobic tail of QAC intertwines into the hydrophobic membrane core to decrease membrane fluidity and disturb its osmo-regulatory functions. Since the above mechanism involves QACs, penetration into the core of bacterial membranes to impact their structures, QACs can practically be pumped out by bacterial ATP-dependent efflux pumps (as a defence counter response) and be less efficient in killing bacteria in some cases. The above concept can be extended to other potent antimicrobial agents, against which bacterial resistance is unlikely to develop. Because the antibody itself does not impact the viability of the bound bacterium and the encapsulated biocide kills the bacteria in a non-specific way; it is intrinsically less likely to induce bacterial resistance or select any resistant mutants.