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Abstract
The value of exotic wheat genetic resources for accelerating grain yield gains is largely unproven and unrealized. We used next-generation sequencing, together with multi-environment phenotyping, to study the contribution of exotic genomes to 984 three-way-cross-derived (exotic/elite1//elite2) pre-breeding lines (PBLs). Genomic characterization of these lines with haplotype map-based and SNP marker approaches revealed exotic specific imprints of 16.1 to 25.1%, which compares to theoretical expectation of 25%. A rare and favorable haplotype (GT) with 0.4% frequency in gene bank identified on chromosome 6D minimized grain yield (GY) loss under heat stress without GY penalty under irrigated conditions. More specifically, the ‘T’ allele of the haplotype GT originated in Aegilops tauschii and was absent in all elite lines used in study. In silico analysis of the SNP showed hits with a candidate gene coding for isoflavone reductase IRL-like protein in Ae. tauschii. Rare haplotypes were also identified on chromosomes 1A, 6A and 2B effective against abiotic/biotic stresses. Results demonstrate positive contributions of exotic germplasm to PBLs derived from crosses of exotics with CIMMYT’s best elite lines. This is a major impact-oriented pre-breeding effort at CIMMYT, resulting in large-scale development of PBLs for deployment in breeding programs addressing food security under climate change scenarios.
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1 International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, C.P., Mexico
2 Department Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, India
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
4 Earlham Institute, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
5 Carretera Celaya-San Miguel de Allende, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico
6 Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), CIMMYT, Ladhowal, Punjab, India
7 CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University Palampur, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
8 INIFAP-CIRNO, Campo Experimental Norman E. Borlaug, Sonora, C.P., Mexico
9 INIFAP, Interior Parque Los Colomos S/N, Colonia Providencia, CP, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
10 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
11 National Research Center for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
12 Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faislabad, Pakistan; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Crop Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
13 Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faislabad, Pakistan
14 Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tando Jam, Sindh, Pakistan
15 CIMMYT - World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya
16 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Shimla, India
17 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
18 CIMMYT – Pakistan, NARC CSI Complex, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
19 Earlham Institute, Norwich, Norfolk, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK