Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have transformed our understanding of susceptibility to multiple myeloma (MM), but much of the heritability remains unexplained. We report a new GWAS, a meta-analysis with previous GWAS and a replication series, totalling 9974 MM cases and 247,556 controls of European ancestry. Collectively, these data provide evidence for six new MM risk loci, bringing the total number to 23. Integration of information from gene expression, epigenetic profiling and in situ Hi-C data for the 23 risk loci implicate disruption of developmental transcriptional regulators as a basis of MM susceptibility, compatible with altered B-cell differentiation as a key mechanism. Dysregulation of autophagy/apoptosis and cell cycle signalling feature as recurrently perturbed pathways. Our findings provide further insight into the biological basis of MM.

Details

Title
Identification of multiple risk loci and regulatory mechanisms influencing susceptibility to multiple myeloma
Author
Went, Molly 1 ; Sud, Amit 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Försti, Asta 2 ; Britt-Marie Halvarsson 3 ; Weinhold, Niels 4 ; Kimber, Scott 5 ; Mark van Duin 6 ; Thorleifsson, Gudmar 7 ; Holroyd, Amy 1 ; Johnson, David C 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Ni, Li 1 ; Orlando, Giulia 1 ; Law, Philip J 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Ali, Mina 3 ; Chen, Bowang 8 ; Mitchell, Jonathan S 1 ; Gudbjartsson, Daniel F 9   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Kuiper, Rowan 6 ; Stephens, Owen W 10 ; Bertsch, Uta 11 ; Broderick, Peter 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Campo, Chiara 8 ; Bandapalli, Obul R 8   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Einsele, Hermann 12 ; Gregory, Walter A 13 ; Gullberg, Urban 3 ; Hillengass, Jens 14 ; Hoffmann, Per 15 ; Jackson, Graham H 16 ; Jöckel, Karl-Heinz 17 ; Johnsson, Ellinor 3 ; Kristinsson, Sigurður Y 18 ; Ulf-Henrik Mellqvist 19 ; Nahi, Hareth 20 ; Easton, Douglas 21   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Pharoah, Paul 21   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Dunning, Alison 22 ; Peto, Julian 23 ; Canzian, Federico 24   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Swerdlow, Anthony 25 ; Eeles, Rosalind A 26   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Kote-Jarai, ZSofia 1 ; Muir, Kenneth 27   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Pashayan, Nora 28   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Nickel, Jolanta 14 ; Nöthen, Markus M 29 ; Rafnar, Thorunn 7 ; Ross, Fiona M 30 ; Miguel Inacio da Silva Filho 8 ; Thomsen, Hauke 8 ; Turesson, Ingemar 31 ; Vangsted, Annette 32 ; Niels Frost Andersen 33 ; Waage, Anders 34 ; Walker, Brian A 10 ; Wihlborg, Anna-Karin 3 ; Broyl, Annemiek 6 ; Davies, Faith E 10 ; Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur 35 ; Langer, Christian 36 ; Hansson, Markus 37   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Goldschmidt, Hartmut 38 ; Kaiser, Martin 5 ; Sonneveld, Pieter 6 ; Stefansson, Kari 7 ; Morgan, Gareth J 10 ; Hemminki, Kari 2 ; Nilsson, Björn 39 ; Houlston, Richard S 40   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Henderson, Brian E 41 ; Haiman, Christopher A 41 ; Benlloch, Sara 1 ; Schumacher, Fredrick R 42 ; Ali Amin Al Olama 43 ; Berndt, Sonja I 44 ; Conti, David V 41 ; Wiklund, Fredrik 45 ; Chanock, Stephen 44 ; Stevens, Victoria L 46 ; Tangen, Catherine M 46 ; Batra, Jyotsna 47 ; Clements, Judith 47 ; Gronberg, Henrik 45 ; Schleutker, Johanna 48 ; Albanes, Demetrius 44 ; Weinstein, Stephanie 44 ; Wolk, Alicja 49 ; West, Catharine 50 ; Mucci, Lorelei 51 ; Cancel-Tassin, Géraldine 52 ; Koutros, Stella 44 ; Karina Dalsgaard Sorensen 53 ; Grindedal, Eli Marie 54 ; Neal, David E 55 ; Hamdy, Freddie C 56 ; Donovan, Jenny L 57 ; Travis, Ruth C 58 ; Hamilton, Robert J 59 ; Ingles, Sue Ann 1 ; Rosenstein, Barry 60 ; Yong-Jie, Lu 61 ; Giles, Graham G 62 ; Kibel, Adam S 63 ; Vega, Ana 64 ; Kogevinas, Manolis 65 ; Penney, Kathryn L 66 ; Park, Jong Y 67 ; Stanford, Janet L 68 ; Cybulski, Cezary 69 ; Nordestgaard, Børge G 70 ; Brenner, Hermann 71 ; Maier, Christiane 72 ; Kim, Jeri 73 ; John, Esther M 74 ; Teixeira, Manuel R 75 ; Neuhausen, Susan L 76 ; Kim De Ruyck 77 ; Razack, Azad 78 ; Newcomb, Lisa F 79 ; Lessel, Davor 80 ; Kaneva, Radka 81 ; Usmani, Nawaid 82 ; Claessens, Frank 83 ; Townsend, Paul A 84 ; Gago-Dominguez, Manuela 85 ; Roobol, Monique J 86 ; Menegaux, Florence 87 ; Kay-Tee Khaw 88 ; Cannon-Albright, Lisa 89 ; Pandha, Hardev 90 ; Thibodeau, Stephen N 90 

 Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK 
 German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden 
 Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC B13, Lund University, Lund, Sweden 
 Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 
 Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK 
 Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 
 deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland 
 German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany 
 deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland 
10  Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA 
11  German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; National Centre of Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany 
12  University Clinic of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany 
13  Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK 
14  Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 
15  Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland 
16  Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK 
17  Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg–Essen, Essen, Germany 
18  Department of Hematology, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland 
19  Section of Hematology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden 
20  Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden 
21  Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 
22  Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 
23  Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK 
24  Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany 
25  Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK 
26  Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK 
27  Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK 
28  Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK 
29  Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany 
30  Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, University of Southampton, Salisbury, UK 
31  Hematology Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden 
32  Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Copenhagen at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark 
33  Department of Haematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark 
34  Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway 
35  deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland 
36  Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany 
37  Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC B13, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Hematology Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden 
38  Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; National Centre of Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany 
39  Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC B13, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 
40  Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK 
41  Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA 
42  Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA 
43  Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 
44  Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA 
45  Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden 
46  Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA 
47  Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia 
48  Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Tyks Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland 
49  Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden 
50  Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK 
51  Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA 
52  CeRePP, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris 06, GRC No. 5 ONCOTYPE-URO, CeRePP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France 
53  Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark 
54  Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway 
55  University of Cambridge, Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK 
56  Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Faculty of Medical Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK 
57  School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK 
58  Cancer Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK 
59  Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada 
60  Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 
61  Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK 
62  Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia 
63  Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 
64  Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CIBERER, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain 
65  Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain 
66  Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 
67  Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA 
68  Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 
69  International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland 
70  Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark 
71  Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany 
72  Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany 
73  Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA 
74  Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA; Department of Health Research & Policy (Epidemiology) and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA 
75  Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal 
76  Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA 
77  Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent, Belgium 
78  Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 
79  Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 
80  Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany 
81  Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria 
82  Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada 
83  Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 
84  Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, UK 
85  Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Servicio Galego de Saúde, SERGAS, Santiago De Compostela, Spain; University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA 
86  Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 
87  Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France 
88  Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 
89  Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA 
90  The University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK 
Pages
1-10
Publication year
2018
Publication date
Sep 2018
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
e-ISSN
20411723
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2103656331
Copyright
© 2018. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.