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Abstract
The recent discovery of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) coincident with the gravitational-wave (GW) event GW170817 revealed the existence of a population of low-luminosity short duration gamma-ray transients produced by neutron star mergers in the nearby Universe. These events could be routinely detected by existing gamma-ray monitors, yet previous observations failed to identify them without the aid of GW triggers. Here we show that GRB150101B is an analogue of GRB170817A located at a cosmological distance. GRB150101B is a faint short burst characterized by a bright optical counterpart and a long-lived X-ray afterglow. These properties are unusual for standard short GRBs and are instead consistent with an explosion viewed off-axis: the optical light is produced by a luminous kilonova, while the observed X-rays trace the GRB afterglow viewed at an angle of ~13°. Our findings suggest that these properties could be common among future electromagnetic counterparts of GW sources.
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1 Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
2 Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
3 INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome, Italy
4 Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
5 Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
6 Center for the Exploration for the Origin of the Universe, Astronomy Program, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
7 Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara-shi Kanagawa, Japan
8 Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
9 Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA