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Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that forest disturbances are changing in response to global change, yet local variability in disturbance remains high. We quantified this considerable variability and analyzed whether recent disturbance episodes around the globe were consistently driven by climate, and if human influence modulates patterns of forest disturbance. We combined remote sensing data on recent (2001–2014) disturbances with in-depth local information for 50 protected landscapes and their surroundings across the temperate biome. Disturbance patterns are highly variable, and shaped by variation in disturbance agents and traits of prevailing tree species. However, high disturbance activity is consistently linked to warmer and drier than average conditions across the globe. Disturbances in protected areas are smaller and more complex in shape compared to their surroundings affected by human land use. This signal disappears in areas with high recent natural disturbance activity, underlining the potential of climate-mediated disturbance to transform forest landscapes.
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1 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Institute of Silviculture, Wien, Austria
2 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Institute of Silviculture, Wien, Austria; Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
3 Dept. of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
4 University of Vermont, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, Burlington, VT, USA
5 Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Institut de Recherche sur les Forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
6 Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
7 University of Maine, School of Forest Resources, Maine, USA
8 Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St.Paul, MN, USA
9 Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
10 School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
11 School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
12 Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
13 Department of Geography, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
14 INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Rio Negro, Argentina
15 Clark University, Graduate School of Geography, Worcester, MA, USA
16 Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
17 Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
18 Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany; Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
19 School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
20 Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
21 Department of Integrative Biology, Birge Hall, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
22 Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA